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ESA3 - Urinary System > Micturition > Flashcards

Micturition Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two phases of micturition?

A

Storage phase and voiding phase

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2
Q

What is the storage phase?

A

The phase in which urine is stored in the bladder

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3
Q

What is the voiding phase?

A

The phase in which urine is released thorugh the urethra

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4
Q

What receptors are found on the detrusor muscle?

A

B3 and M3

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5
Q

What receptor is found on the internal urethral sphincter?

A

a1

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6
Q

What receptor is found on the external urethral sphincter?

A

Nicotinic

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7
Q

How does the pelvic nerve cause contraction of the bladder?

A

Pelvic nerve is parasympathetic
Releases ACh
ACh binds to M3 receptor on detrusor
Detrusor contracts

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8
Q

How does the pudendal nerve play a role in the storage phase of micturition?

A

Somatic nerve, releases ACh
ACh binds to nicotinic receptor on external urethral sphincter (voluntary)
Causes contraction of sphincter, holds urine in

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9
Q

Where do the pre-sympathetic nerve fibres that target the urinary system come from?

A

Thoracic spine

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10
Q

What is the post-sympathetic fibre that acts on the urinary system called?

A

Hypogastric nerve

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11
Q

Is the hypogastric nerve sympathetic or parasympathetic?

A

Sympathetic

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12
Q

What does the hypogastric nerve (sympathetic) target?

A

B3 receptors on detrusor and a1 receptors on IUS

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13
Q

What is the result of stimulation of the B3 receptors on the detrusor muscle?

A

Relaxation of the detrusor muscle (storage)

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14
Q

Is relaxation of the bladder sympathetic or parasympathetic?

A

Sympathetic

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15
Q

What neurotransmitter acts on B3 receptors on detrusor?

A

Noradrenaline

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16
Q

What neurotransmitter is released by the hypogastric nerve?

A

Noradrenaline

17
Q

How does the hypogastric nerve help hold urine in?

A

1) Sympathetic nerve - releases noradrenaline which acts on B3 receptors of detrusor muscle and causes relaxation of the bladder
2) Releases noradrenaline which acts on a1 receptors of the internal urethral sphincter and causes contraction, thus keeping urine in the bladder

18
Q

Is the storage phase of micturition under sympathetic or parasympathetic control?

A

Sympathetic

19
Q

Which division of the nervous system is responsible for voiding?

A

Parasympathetic

20
Q

What does the afferent sensory pelvic nerve respond to?

A

Stretch (of the bladder)

21
Q

Where is the storage phase of micturition controlled at the highest level?

A

Continence centre in L region of pons

22
Q

What are the nerve roots of the hypogastric nerve?

A

L1-2

23
Q

Through which receptors does the hypogastric nerve stimulate relaxation of the detrusor muscle?

A

B3 receptors in bladder

24
Q

Through which receptors does the hypogastric nerve stimulate contraction of the IUS?

A

a1 receptors in IUS

25
Q

What nerve stimulates the EUS to contract?

A

Pudendal nerve

26
Q

What are the roots of the pudendal nerve?

A

S2-S4

27
Q

Through which receptors does the pudendal nerve stimulate contraction of the EUS?

A

Nicotinic receptors

28
Q

What is receptive relaxation?

A

As the bladder fills, it expands and allows the pressure inside to remain the same and lower than urethral pressure to prevent urine from leaking out

29
Q

How can incontinence be treated pharmacologically?

A

B3 agonists - stimulate relaxation of bladder

Anticholinergics - reduces parasympathetic imput to bladder

30
Q

What centre in the brain is responsible for voiding?

A

M centre

31
Q

Parasympathetic stimulation to the bladder is achieved through which nerve?

A

Pelvic nerve (S2-S4)

32
Q

Through which receptors does the pelvic nerve stimulate contraction of the bladder?

A

M3 receptors

33
Q

Name some causes of urinary retension

A 
BPH
Nerve dysfunction
Infection
Constipation
Drugs

ESA3 - Urinary System (16 decks)

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