Chronic Kidney Disease Flashcards
How is adult polycystic kidney disease inherited?
Autosomal dominant
Where is the mutation in adult polycystic kidney disease?
PKD1/2 gene
What is the normal range for GFR?
90-120 ml/min/1.73 m^2
What is CKD?
Irreversible and sometimes progressive loss of renal function over a period of months to years
Get replacement of scar tissue in response to tissue damage
What are some causes of CKD?
Diabetes, hypertension, GN, PKD, obstruction, tumours
How low does GFR have to be for a patient to be in complete kidney failure?
<15 ml/min/1.73 m^2
How is CKD investigated?
FBC, U&E, CRP, bone biochemistry, LFTs, USS, biopsy
How low does GFR have to be for hyperkalaemia to occur?
GFR < 20 mls/min
What are the causes of anaemia in CKD?
- Decreased epo production
- High hepcidin - doesn’t absorb iron as well in gut
How can CKD lead to hyperparathyroidism?
Phosphate retention -> resistance of bone to PTH -> hypocalcaemia -> hyperparathyroidism
Low levels of vitamin D -> hypocalcaemia, -> secondary hyperparathyroidism
What are some symptoms with end stage renal disease?
SoB, oedema, nausea, vomiting, cramps, pruritis, increased infections, fatigue
What are the types of renal replacement therapy?
Haemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and renal transplant
What is renal oesteodystrophy?
Alteration of bone morphology in patients with chronic kidney disease (increased bone resorption)
Caused by hyperparathyroidism secondary to hyperphosphataemia and hypocalcaemia
Why are there low vitamin D levels in patients with CKD?
Damaged kidneys are unable to convert vitamin D3 into its active form - calcitriol
