Urogenital Traingle

Question 1

Describe the crura in males and females

Answer 1

Crura lie next to the ischiopubic rami
In females they form the body of the clitoris
In males they continue into the penis as the corpora cavernosa

Question 2

What is the innervation of the bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus muscles?

Answer 2

Perineal branches of the pudendal nerve

Question 3

What is the role of the urogenital diaphragm?

Answer 3

Prevents structures from passing out of the pelvic cavity or prolapsing
Provides an area of attachment for structures of the superficial perineal pouch

Question 4

Describe Colle’s fascia in the pelvis

Answer 4

It attaches to the posterior border of the urogenital diaphragm at a small piece of connective tissue called the perineal body
In females Colle’s passes into the labia and in males it passes into the scrotum

Question 5

What is usually the narrowest part of the male urethra?

Answer 5

Membranous part - the urethra is slightly compressed here as it passes through the layers of the urogenital diaphragm

Question 6

Describe Camper’s fascia in relation to the pelvis?

Answer 6

The fatty camper’s fascia continues into the pelvis where it is continuous with the ischiorectal fossa and thigh

Question 7

In what layer of the urogenital diaphragm would you find the deep perineal pouch?

Answer 7

An anatomical space found in the middle layer

Question 8

The Scarpa’s fascia of the abdominal wall continues into the pelvis. What is the name of the fascia in the pelvis?

Answer 8

Colle’s fascia

Question 9

What is the blood supply and sensory innervation to the clitoris?

Answer 9

Blood supply = branches of internal pudendal artery

Innervation = branches of pudendal nerve

Question 10

Where is the superficial perineal pouch in terms of the urogenital diaphragm?

Answer 10

Between the superficial layer and the skin

Question 11

What are the erectile tissues?

Answer 11

The crura
The bulb of the penis in males
The bulb of the vestibule in females

Question 12

Describe the bulb of the penis

Answer 12

Continues as the corpus spongiosum which then forms the glans penis

Question 13

In Male’s, what is camper’s fascia replaced by in the scrotum?

Answer 13

The dartos muscle

Question 14

What are the 3 layers of the urogenital diaphragm?

Answer 14

Superior layer - composed of fascia and blends with the perineal body
Middle layer - contains sphincter that controls urination. Contains sphincter urethrae and transverse perineal muscles
Inferior/superficial layer - layer of perineal membrane

Question 15

What is the arterial and nerve supply to the penis?

Answer 15

Branches of the internal pudendal artery

Innervation = sensory branches of the pudendal nerve and erectile tissue is supplied by ANS

Question 16

What is the perineal body?

Answer 16

A small fibrous tissue that lies at the posterior margin of the urogenital diaphragm
Provides attachment for the external anal sphincter, bulbospongiosus, superficial transverse perineal muscle

Question 17

What muscle is highlighted in green?

Answer 17

Ischiocavernosus

Question 18

What are the 4 distinct parts of the male urethra?

Answer 18

Pre-prostatic
Prostatic
Membranous
Penile (spongey)

Question 19

Describe the bulb of the vestibule

Answer 19

The bulb surrounds the opening of the vagina and then continues to form the glans of the clitoris

Question 20

What structures are present in the superficial perineal pouch?

Answer 20

Muscles - ischiocavernosus, bulbospongiosus, superficial transverse perineal
Nerves and vessels
Urethra, vagina, clitoris and penis
Erectile tissue - crura, bulb of vestibule (female) and bulb of penis (male)

Question 21

In both sexes, what structure passes through the urogenital triangle?

Answer 21

The urethra

Question 22

Describe the fusion of the layers of the perineal diaphragm

Answer 22

Fuse anteriorly and posteriorly
Anteriorly - leave a small gap near the pubic symphysis. Vessels to the clitoris and penis pass through here
Posteriorly - layers fuse with the perineal body. This helps to connect the fascia of the urogenital diaphragm to the rest of the pelvic fascia and helps transmit stress across the pelvic floor

Question 23

In which block of erectile tissue of the penis does the urethra lie?

Answer 23

Corpus spongiosum

Therefore can be called the spongy or penile urethra

Question 24

What are the blocks of the penile erectile tissue?

Answer 24

The penis has 3 blocks of erectile tissue
2 corpus cavernosum
1 corpus spongiosum

Question 25

What muscle is highlighted?

Answer 25

Superficial transverse perineal

Question 26

What muscle is highlighted in green?

Answer 26

The ischiocavernosus

Question 27

What is the muscle highlighted?

Answer 27

Bulbospongiosus

Question 28

What muscle is highlighted?

Answer 28

Bulbospongiosus

Question 29

What forms the boundaries/points of the urogenital triangle?

Answer 29

The ischial tuberosities

Apex of the triangle is at the pubic symphysis

Question 30

What do the bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus muscles do?

Answer 30

Overlie erectile tissues of the perineum to help maintain the erection of the tissues by contracting to impede venous return which retains the blood in the erectile tissue
Ischiocavernosus overlie the crura
Bulbospongiosus overlies the bulb of the penis (males) and bulb of the vestibule (female)

Question 31

What structures pass through the deep perineal pouch to travel from the pelvic cavity to the perineum?

Answer 31

Urethra, sphincter urethrae, deep transverse perineal muscles, internal pudendal vessels and branches, pudendal (perineal) nerve

Females - vagina and dorsal nerves of clitoris
Males - membranous urethra, dorsal nerves of penis, bulbourethral glands, penile arteries