Anterior and Medial Thigh Flashcards
What are the actions of Adductor Longus?
Adduction of the thigh
What is this muscle and its innervation?
Gracilis Obturator nerve (L2, 3)
What muscle is highlighted?
Rectus femoris
What is this muscle and its innervation?
Adductor Brevis
Obturator (L2, L3, L4)
What muscle is highlighted and what is its innervation?
Pectineus Femoral nerve (L2, L3) and sometimes recives branches from obturator nerve
What is the origin of vastus medialis?
Intertrochanteric line
Medial line aspera
What are the attachments of adductor magnus?
Ischiopubic ramus and ischial tuberosity
Inserts into the linea aspera, the medial supracondylar line and onto the adductor tubercle
What are the attachments of the iliacus?
Iliac crest, iliac fossa, ala of sacrum, anterior sacroilliac ligament
Attaches to the psoas tendon and the lesser trochanter of the femur
What are the areas the branches of the femoral nerve supply?
Muscular branches - supplies the muscles in the anterior thigh
Articular branches - to the hip and knee
Cutaneous - anteromedial thigh
Gives off saphenous nerve which is a terminal cutaneous branch to the anteromedial aspect of the knee, leg and foot
What muscle is highlighted?
The Vastus Medialis
What are the compartments of the thigh and what is the role of the muscles in each compartment?
Anterior compartment - Flexes hip, extends knee
Medial compartments - Adducts hip
Posterior compartment - Extends hip, flexes knee
What are the attachments of Sartorius?
ASIS
Inserts onto the medial surface of tibia
What is this muscle and its innervation?
Iliacus muscle Femoral nerve (L2, L3)
What muscle is highlighted?
Vastus intermedius
What are the boundaries of the adductor canal?
Sartorius
Vastus medialis
Adductor Longus
What are the hip adductors?
Gracilis Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Obturator externus (doesnt adduct but is with this group in the medial compartment)
What is the parent artery of the obturator artery?
Internal iliac
What are the functions of pectineus?
Adduct and flex the hip
Assists with medial rotation
What are the attachments of adductor longus?
Body of the pubis
Inserts into the middle 1/3 of the linea aspera
What are the functions of the gracilis muscle?
Adducts the hip
Flexes the knee
What arteries contibute to the cruciate anastomosis?
Inferior gluteal
Medial and lateral circumflex arteries
1st perforating branch (profunda femoris)
Describe the course and branches of the obturator artery?
Passes through the obturator canal to reach the medial compartment of thigh. Gives of anterior and posterior branches.
Anterior - branches to muscles of the medial compartment
Posterior - branches to the muscles attached to the ischial tuberosity
What is the common insertion for all quadriceps muscles?
Quadraceps tendon then to the tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament
What is the course taken by obturator nerve?
Runs along the lateral wall of the pelvis and passes through the obturator canal to enter the thigh
Splits into anterior and posterior branches relative to the adductor brevis
Gives off muscular branches to the medial thigh e.g. branches to the adductors
Anterior branch gives off cutaneous branches to the middle part of the medial thigh
What is highlighted?
Neck of femur
Describe the profunda femoris artery
Branch of the femoral
Runs deep to adductor magnus and has 3/4 perforating branches that pierce through the AM
Gives off medial and lateral circumflex arteries
What are the functions of sartorius?
Flexion of thigh
Abduction
Lateral rotation of hip
Flexion of knee
What structure is highlighted?
The intertrochanteric line on the anterior surface of the femur
What aspects of the thigh are supplied by the femoral artery?
Anterior and anteromedial thigh
What bony landmark is highlighted?
The pectineal line - acts as the point of attachment for the pectineus muscle
What muscle is highlighted and what is its innervation?
Adductor Magnus
Obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4)
Hamstring part is supplied by the tibial division of sciatic nerve (L4)
What is the role of iliacus?
Flexes hip
What muscle is highlighted?
Vastus lateralis
What muscles acts to flex the hip?
Iliacus
Psoas major
Pectineus
Sartorius
What is this muscle and its innervation?
Obturator Externus
Obturator nerve - L3, L4
What are the attachments of gracilis?
Body and inferior ramus of the pubis
Inserts into the superior medial surface of the tibia
Describe the course taken by the femoral artery in the thigh?
Passes through the femoral triangle, through the adductor canal then passes through the adductor hiatus to become the popliteal artery
What runs in the adductor canal?
Femoral vessels - Pass through the adductor hiatus to reach the popliteal fossa
Saphenous nerve - passes between sartorius and gracilis to supply the skin of the anteromedial knee, leg and foot
What is highlighted?
The intertrochanteric crest between the trochanters on the posterior aspect of the femur
What are the actions of Addutor Magnus?
Adducts the thigh
Adductor part flexes thigh
Hamstring part extends the thigh
What are the attachments of the obturator externus?
Margins of the obturator foramen and obturator membrane
Inserts into trochanteric fossa
What is this muscle and its innervation?
Sartorius Femoral nerve (L2, L3)
What is the role of psoas major?
Flexion of hip
Both can work to raise trunk from supine position
What is the origin of vastus lateralis?
Greater trochanter
Lateral linea aspera
What are the attachments of adductor brevis?
Body and inferior ramus of the pubis
Inserts into the pectineal line and proximal linea aspera
What muscles act as extensors of the knee joint?
The Quadriceps muscles (4 heads)
- Rectus femoris
- Vastus medialis
- Vastus lateralis
- Vastus intermedius
What are the roots of obturator nerve?
Anterior divisions L2-L4
What are the actions of obturator externus?
Lateral rotation of the thigh
in the adductor compartment but is not an adductor!
What are the actions of adductor brevis?
Adducts the thigh and can assist in flexion
What are the attachments of pectineus?
Superior ramus of the pubis
Inserts into the pectineal line of the femur
Where is the adductor canal located?
Runs from the apex of the femoral triangle to the adductor hiatus
Underlies the distal half of the sartorius muscle
What are the attachments of psoas major?
T12-L5, intervertebral discs, lumbar transverse processes
Inserts into the lesser trochanter of the femur
What is the actions of the quadriceps muscles?
Extension of the knee
The rectus femoris also flexes the hip
What is this muscle and its innervation?
Psoas major
Anterior rami of L1-L3
What are the origins of vastus intermedius?
Anterior and lateral shaft of femur
What is the course of the femoral nerve within the anterior thigh?
Passes deep to the inguinal ligament, medial to ASIS, runs on the tendon of the iliopsoas muscle
What is this muscle and its innervation?
Adductor Longus Obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4)
What are the origins of rectus femoris?
AIIS
Ilium above the accetabulum
What is the innervation of the quadriceps muscles?
Femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)
What is highlighted?
The linea aspera - distally in splits into the supracondylar lines
What is the femoral artery a continuation of?
The external iliac artery
