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Gross Anatomy 3 > Plantar surface of the Foot > Flashcards

Plantar surface of the Foot Flashcards

1
Q

What are the attachments of the PA?

A

Proximally attaches to the calcaneus

Distally divides into 5 bands which are continuous with the fibrous digital sheaths

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2
Q

What supplies the pink region?

A

Superficial peroneal nerve

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3
Q

What supplies the green region?

A

Saphenous

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4
Q

What supplies the purple region?

A

Medial plantar nerve

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5
Q

Describe the lateral plantar artery

A

Initially is found between layers 1 and 2
Forms the deep plantar arch between layers 3 and 4
The deep plantar artery is from the dorsalis pedis and it anastomoses with deep plantar arch

The arch gives off plantar metatarsal and digital arteries

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6
Q

What are the attachments of Abductor Hallucis?

A

Medial Tubercle of Calcaneus, Flexor retinaculum

Inserts into the medial aspect of the base of the proximal phalanx

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7
Q

What is the root value of the medial and lateral plantar nerves?

A

S2, S3

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8
Q

What is this muscle?

A

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

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9
Q

Describe how the tibial nerve enters into the foot?

A

Runs deep to the flexor retinaculum, posterior to medial malleolus
Enters foot deep to abductor hallucis where it divides into medial and lateral plantar nerves

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10
Q

What muscles are located in layer 3 of the foot?

A

Flexor Hallicus Brevis
Adductor Hallucis
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

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11
Q

What are the attachments of the dorsal interossei?

A

Adjacent sides of the metatarsals 1-5 (bipennate)

1st inserts onto the medial side of the proximal phalanx of the 2nd digit
2nd to 4th insert on the lateral side of the proximal phalanx of digits 2-4

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12
Q

What are the attachments of the lumbricles?

A

Tendons of the FDL

Inserts into the medial side of the dorsal tendon expansion

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13
Q

What are the bones of the foot divided into?

A

Phalanges
Metatarsals
Tarsals

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14
Q

What is this muscle?

A

Flexor Digitorum Brevis

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15
Q

What muscles are supplied by the medial plantar nerve?

A

Abductor Hallucis
Flexor Digitorum Brevis
1st Lumbrical
Flexor Hallucis Brevis

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16
Q

What supplies the blue region?

A

Calcaneal branches

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17
Q

What are the muscles of layer 1 of the foot? (3)

A

Abductor Hallucis
Flexor Digitorum Brevis
Abductor Digiti Minimi

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18
Q

What are the muscles shown?

A

Plantar interossei (unipennate)

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19
Q

True or False?

All interossei of the foot are unipenate

A

False!
the plantar interossei are unipenate
the dorsal are bipenate

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20
Q

What are the attachments of abductor digiti minimi?

A

Medial and Lateral tubercles of the calcaneus

Inserts into the lateral base of the proximal phalanx of little toe

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21
Q

What is this muscle?

A

Quadratus Plantae

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22
Q

What supplies the orange region?

A

Dorsal lateral cutaneous nerve

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23
Q

What are the attachments of adductor hallucis?

A

Transverse head - plantar ligs of the MTP joints
Oblique head - base metatarsals 2-4

Inserts into the lateral side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the hallux

24
Q

What are the attachments of the plantar interossei?

A

Bases and the medial side of the metatarsals 3-5

Insert into the medial side of the proximal phalanx of the 3rd to 5th digits

25
What is the axial digit of the foot?
2nd toe
26
What muscles are located within the central compartment (green)?
Flexor Digitorum Brevis Muscles associated with the tendon of FDL (lumbricals and quadratus plantae) Adductor Hallucis
27
What muscles are located in the lateral compartment of the foot (orange)?
Muscles of the little toe - Abductor Digiti Minimi - Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
28
What muscles are found in the fourth layer of the foot?
Planter interossei | Dorsal interossei
29
From which nerve do the medial and lateral plantar nerves originate from?
Tibial nerve
30
What muscles are located on the dorsum of the foot?
Extensor Digitorum Brevis Extensor Hallucis Brevis (shown in red)
31
What are these muscles?
Lumbricles of the foot
32
Between which muscles does the medial plantar nerve run between?
Abductor Hallucis and Flexor Digitorum Brevis
33
What supplies the orange region?
Dorsal lateral cutaneous nerve of the foot
34
What muscles are shown?
Dorsal interossei (bipennate)
35
What supplies the yellow section?
The deep peroneal nerve
36
Describe the intermuscular septae of the plantar aponeurosis?
Divides the foot into 3 compartments - Central (deep to the plantar aponeurosis) - Medial - Lateral
37
What are the muscles found in layer 2 of the foot?
``` The flexor digititorum longus and flexor hallucis longus Lumbricles Quadratus Plantae (QP) ```
38
What is this muscle?
Abductor Digiti Minimi
39
What supplies the green section?
Saphenous nerve
40
What are the actions of the interossei?
Plantar ADduct the toes Dorsal ABduct the toes PAD DAB
41
What are the tendons found in the 4th layer of the foot?
Peroneus Longus | Tibialis Posterior
42
What is the structure of the foot divided into and what bones are located in these sections?
Hindfoot- Calcaneus and Talus Midfoot- Cuboid, Navicular and Cuneiform bones Forefoot- Metatarsals and Phalanges
43
What are the attachments of flexor hallucis brevis?
Cuboid and lateral cuneiform | Inserts into both sides of the base of the proximal phalanx of hallux
44
What are the attachments of flexor digitorum brevis?
Medial tubercle of calcaneus | Inserts into the middle phalanges of the lateral 4 toes
45
What muscles are located in the medial compartment of the foot (blue)?
Muscles of the great toe - Abductor Hallucis - Flexor Hallucis Brevis
46
What supplies the brown region?
Lateral plantar nerve
47
What arteries supply the plantar aspect of the foot?
Medial and lateral plantar arteries Terminal branches of the posterior tibial artery which runs deep to the flexor retinaculum Splits a the abductor hallucis
48
What is this muscle?
Abductor Hallucis
49
What is this muscle?
Flexor Hallucis Brevis
50
Describe the medial plantar artery
Supplies the muscles of the hallux and overlying skin | Occasionally forms a superficial plantar arch
51
What forms the plantar aponeurosis?
The central portion of the deep fascia
52
What are the attachments of flexor digiti minimi brevis?
Base of the 5th metatarsal | Inserts into the base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit
53
What are the attachments of QP?
Medial and lateral surface of calcaneus | Inserts into lateral side of the FDL tendon
54
What is this muscle?
Abductor Hallucis
55
Describe the lateral plantar nerve
Initially runs between layers 1 and 2 Divides into deep and superficial branches Deep branch crosses back between layers 3 and 4

Gross Anatomy 3 (14 decks)

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