Plantar surface of the Foot Flashcards
What are the attachments of the PA?
Proximally attaches to the calcaneus
Distally divides into 5 bands which are continuous with the fibrous digital sheaths
What supplies the pink region?
Superficial peroneal nerve
What supplies the green region?
Saphenous
What supplies the purple region?
Medial plantar nerve
Describe the lateral plantar artery
Initially is found between layers 1 and 2
Forms the deep plantar arch between layers 3 and 4
The deep plantar artery is from the dorsalis pedis and it anastomoses with deep plantar arch
The arch gives off plantar metatarsal and digital arteries
What are the attachments of Abductor Hallucis?
Medial Tubercle of Calcaneus, Flexor retinaculum
Inserts into the medial aspect of the base of the proximal phalanx
What is the root value of the medial and lateral plantar nerves?
S2, S3
What is this muscle?
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
Describe how the tibial nerve enters into the foot?
Runs deep to the flexor retinaculum, posterior to medial malleolus
Enters foot deep to abductor hallucis where it divides into medial and lateral plantar nerves
What muscles are located in layer 3 of the foot?
Flexor Hallicus Brevis
Adductor Hallucis
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
What are the attachments of the dorsal interossei?
Adjacent sides of the metatarsals 1-5 (bipennate)
1st inserts onto the medial side of the proximal phalanx of the 2nd digit
2nd to 4th insert on the lateral side of the proximal phalanx of digits 2-4
What are the attachments of the lumbricles?
Tendons of the FDL
Inserts into the medial side of the dorsal tendon expansion
What are the bones of the foot divided into?
Phalanges
Metatarsals
Tarsals
What is this muscle?
Flexor Digitorum Brevis
What muscles are supplied by the medial plantar nerve?
Abductor Hallucis
Flexor Digitorum Brevis
1st Lumbrical
Flexor Hallucis Brevis
What supplies the blue region?
Calcaneal branches
What are the muscles of layer 1 of the foot? (3)
Abductor Hallucis
Flexor Digitorum Brevis
Abductor Digiti Minimi
What are the muscles shown?
Plantar interossei (unipennate)
True or False?
All interossei of the foot are unipenate
False!
the plantar interossei are unipenate
the dorsal are bipenate
What are the attachments of abductor digiti minimi?
Medial and Lateral tubercles of the calcaneus
Inserts into the lateral base of the proximal phalanx of little toe
What is this muscle?
Quadratus Plantae
What supplies the orange region?
Dorsal lateral cutaneous nerve
What are the attachments of adductor hallucis?
Transverse head - plantar ligs of the MTP joints
Oblique head - base metatarsals 2-4
Inserts into the lateral side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the hallux
What are the attachments of the plantar interossei?
Bases and the medial side of the metatarsals 3-5
Insert into the medial side of the proximal phalanx of the 3rd to 5th digits
What is the axial digit of the foot?
2nd toe
What muscles are located within the central compartment (green)?
Flexor Digitorum Brevis
Muscles associated with the tendon of FDL (lumbricals and quadratus plantae)
Adductor Hallucis
What muscles are located in the lateral compartment of the foot (orange)?
Muscles of the little toe
- Abductor Digiti Minimi
- Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
What muscles are found in the fourth layer of the foot?
Planter interossei
Dorsal interossei
From which nerve do the medial and lateral plantar nerves originate from?
Tibial nerve
What muscles are located on the dorsum of the foot?
Extensor Digitorum Brevis
Extensor Hallucis Brevis
(shown in red)
What are these muscles?
Lumbricles of the foot
Between which muscles does the medial plantar nerve run between?
Abductor Hallucis and Flexor Digitorum Brevis
What supplies the orange region?
Dorsal lateral cutaneous nerve of the foot
What muscles are shown?
Dorsal interossei (bipennate)
What supplies the yellow section?
The deep peroneal nerve
Describe the intermuscular septae of the plantar aponeurosis?
Divides the foot into 3 compartments
- Central (deep to the plantar aponeurosis)
- Medial
- Lateral
What are the muscles found in layer 2 of the foot?
The flexor digititorum longus and flexor hallucis longus Lumbricles Quadratus Plantae (QP)
What is this muscle?
Abductor Digiti Minimi
What supplies the green section?
Saphenous nerve
What are the actions of the interossei?
Plantar ADduct the toes
Dorsal ABduct the toes
PAD DAB
What are the tendons found in the 4th layer of the foot?
Peroneus Longus
Tibialis Posterior
What is the structure of the foot divided into and what bones are located in these sections?
Hindfoot- Calcaneus and Talus
Midfoot- Cuboid, Navicular and Cuneiform bones
Forefoot- Metatarsals and Phalanges
What are the attachments of flexor hallucis brevis?
Cuboid and lateral cuneiform
Inserts into both sides of the base of the proximal phalanx of hallux
What are the attachments of flexor digitorum brevis?
Medial tubercle of calcaneus
Inserts into the middle phalanges of the lateral 4 toes
What muscles are located in the medial compartment of the foot (blue)?
Muscles of the great toe
- Abductor Hallucis
- Flexor Hallucis Brevis
What supplies the brown region?
Lateral plantar nerve
What arteries supply the plantar aspect of the foot?
Medial and lateral plantar arteries
Terminal branches of the posterior tibial artery which runs deep to the flexor retinaculum
Splits a the abductor hallucis
What is this muscle?
Abductor Hallucis
What is this muscle?
Flexor Hallucis Brevis
Describe the medial plantar artery
Supplies the muscles of the hallux and overlying skin
Occasionally forms a superficial plantar arch
What forms the plantar aponeurosis?
The central portion of the deep fascia
What are the attachments of flexor digiti minimi brevis?
Base of the 5th metatarsal
Inserts into the base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit
What are the attachments of QP?
Medial and lateral surface of calcaneus
Inserts into lateral side of the FDL tendon
What is this muscle?
Abductor Hallucis
Describe the lateral plantar nerve
Initially runs between layers 1 and 2
Divides into deep and superficial branches
Deep branch crosses back between layers 3 and 4