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Gross Anatomy 3 > Plantar surface of the Foot > Flashcards

Plantar surface of the Foot Flashcards

1
Q

What are the attachments of the PA?

A

Proximally attaches to the calcaneus

Distally divides into 5 bands which are continuous with the fibrous digital sheaths

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2
Q

What supplies the pink region?

A

Superficial peroneal nerve

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3
Q

What supplies the green region?

A

Saphenous

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4
Q

What supplies the purple region?

A

Medial plantar nerve

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5
Q

Describe the lateral plantar artery

A

Initially is found between layers 1 and 2
Forms the deep plantar arch between layers 3 and 4
The deep plantar artery is from the dorsalis pedis and it anastomoses with deep plantar arch

The arch gives off plantar metatarsal and digital arteries

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6
Q

What are the attachments of Abductor Hallucis?

A

Medial Tubercle of Calcaneus, Flexor retinaculum

Inserts into the medial aspect of the base of the proximal phalanx

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7
Q

What is the root value of the medial and lateral plantar nerves?

A

S2, S3

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8
Q

What is this muscle?

A

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

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9
Q

Describe how the tibial nerve enters into the foot?

A

Runs deep to the flexor retinaculum, posterior to medial malleolus
Enters foot deep to abductor hallucis where it divides into medial and lateral plantar nerves

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10
Q

What muscles are located in layer 3 of the foot?

A

Flexor Hallicus Brevis
Adductor Hallucis
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

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11
Q

What are the attachments of the dorsal interossei?

A

Adjacent sides of the metatarsals 1-5 (bipennate)

1st inserts onto the medial side of the proximal phalanx of the 2nd digit
2nd to 4th insert on the lateral side of the proximal phalanx of digits 2-4

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12
Q

What are the attachments of the lumbricles?

A

Tendons of the FDL

Inserts into the medial side of the dorsal tendon expansion

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13
Q

What are the bones of the foot divided into?

A

Phalanges
Metatarsals
Tarsals

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14
Q

What is this muscle?

A

Flexor Digitorum Brevis

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15
Q

What muscles are supplied by the medial plantar nerve?

A

Abductor Hallucis
Flexor Digitorum Brevis
1st Lumbrical
Flexor Hallucis Brevis

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16
Q

What supplies the blue region?

A

Calcaneal branches

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17
Q

What are the muscles of layer 1 of the foot? (3)

A

Abductor Hallucis
Flexor Digitorum Brevis
Abductor Digiti Minimi

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18
Q

What are the muscles shown?

A

Plantar interossei (unipennate)

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19
Q

True or False?

All interossei of the foot are unipenate

A

False!
the plantar interossei are unipenate
the dorsal are bipenate

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20
Q

What are the attachments of abductor digiti minimi?

A

Medial and Lateral tubercles of the calcaneus

Inserts into the lateral base of the proximal phalanx of little toe

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21
Q

What is this muscle?

A

Quadratus Plantae

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22
Q

What supplies the orange region?

A

Dorsal lateral cutaneous nerve

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23
Q

What are the attachments of adductor hallucis?

A

Transverse head - plantar ligs of the MTP joints
Oblique head - base metatarsals 2-4

Inserts into the lateral side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the hallux

24
Q

What are the attachments of the plantar interossei?

A

Bases and the medial side of the metatarsals 3-5

Insert into the medial side of the proximal phalanx of the 3rd to 5th digits

25
Q

What is the axial digit of the foot?

A

2nd toe

26
Q

What muscles are located within the central compartment (green)?

A

Flexor Digitorum Brevis
Muscles associated with the tendon of FDL (lumbricals and quadratus plantae)
Adductor Hallucis

27
Q

What muscles are located in the lateral compartment of the foot (orange)?

A

Muscles of the little toe

  • Abductor Digiti Minimi
  • Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
28
Q

What muscles are found in the fourth layer of the foot?

A

Planter interossei

Dorsal interossei

29
Q

From which nerve do the medial and lateral plantar nerves originate from?

A

Tibial nerve

30
Q

What muscles are located on the dorsum of the foot?

A

Extensor Digitorum Brevis
Extensor Hallucis Brevis
(shown in red)

31
Q

What are these muscles?

A

Lumbricles of the foot

32
Q

Between which muscles does the medial plantar nerve run between?

A

Abductor Hallucis and Flexor Digitorum Brevis

33
Q

What supplies the orange region?

A

Dorsal lateral cutaneous nerve of the foot

34
Q

What muscles are shown?

A

Dorsal interossei (bipennate)

35
Q

What supplies the yellow section?

A

The deep peroneal nerve

36
Q

Describe the intermuscular septae of the plantar aponeurosis?

A

Divides the foot into 3 compartments

  • Central (deep to the plantar aponeurosis)
  • Medial
  • Lateral
37
Q

What are the muscles found in layer 2 of the foot?

A 
The flexor digititorum longus and flexor hallucis longus
Lumbricles 
Quadratus Plantae (QP)
38
Q

What is this muscle?

A

Abductor Digiti Minimi

39
Q

What supplies the green section?

A

Saphenous nerve

40
Q

What are the actions of the interossei?

A

Plantar ADduct the toes
Dorsal ABduct the toes

PAD DAB

41
Q

What are the tendons found in the 4th layer of the foot?

A

Peroneus Longus

Tibialis Posterior

42
Q

What is the structure of the foot divided into and what bones are located in these sections?

A

Hindfoot- Calcaneus and Talus
Midfoot- Cuboid, Navicular and Cuneiform bones
Forefoot- Metatarsals and Phalanges

43
Q

What are the attachments of flexor hallucis brevis?

A

Cuboid and lateral cuneiform

Inserts into both sides of the base of the proximal phalanx of hallux

44
Q

What are the attachments of flexor digitorum brevis?

A

Medial tubercle of calcaneus

Inserts into the middle phalanges of the lateral 4 toes

45
Q

What muscles are located in the medial compartment of the foot (blue)?

A

Muscles of the great toe

  • Abductor Hallucis
  • Flexor Hallucis Brevis
46
Q

What supplies the brown region?

A

Lateral plantar nerve

47
Q

What arteries supply the plantar aspect of the foot?

A

Medial and lateral plantar arteries
Terminal branches of the posterior tibial artery which runs deep to the flexor retinaculum
Splits a the abductor hallucis

48
Q

What is this muscle?

A

Abductor Hallucis

49
Q

What is this muscle?

A

Flexor Hallucis Brevis

50
Q

Describe the medial plantar artery

A

Supplies the muscles of the hallux and overlying skin

Occasionally forms a superficial plantar arch

51
Q

What forms the plantar aponeurosis?

A

The central portion of the deep fascia

52
Q

What are the attachments of flexor digiti minimi brevis?

A

Base of the 5th metatarsal

Inserts into the base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit

53
Q

What are the attachments of QP?

A

Medial and lateral surface of calcaneus

Inserts into lateral side of the FDL tendon

54
Q

What is this muscle?

A

Abductor Hallucis

55
Q

Describe the lateral plantar nerve

A

Initially runs between layers 1 and 2
Divides into deep and superficial branches
Deep branch crosses back between layers 3 and 4

Gross Anatomy 3 (14 decks)

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