Urogenital System Flashcards
What are the three kidney systems
Pronephros
Mesonephros
Metanephros
The urinary and genital system both develop from what
Intermediate mesoderm
What is important about the Pronephros system
Nothing
Nonfunctional
Gone by fourth week
What is important about the mesonephros system
Develops mesonephric/Wolffian duct that excretory tubules run into
In males this will become part of genitalia
Develops mesonephros on medial side (large organ)
Why is the metanephros system important
It’s the permanent kidney
Where does the collecting duct system develop from
Ureteric bud
What branches form what from the ureteric bud
1st= major calyces
2nd, 3rd, and 4th = minor calyces
Subsequent= renal pyramids
The uterine bud overall gives rise to what structures
Ureter Renal pelvis Major calyx Minor calyx All collecting ducts and tubules
What is derived from metanephric mesoderm
Excretory units
Nephrons
True or false: you are growing more nephrons in childhood
False
Wilm’s tumor?
It’s a pediatric renal tumor
Potter’s syndrome?
Renal agenesis
Lack of formation of a kidney
What are the two forms of congenital polycystic kidney disease
Autosomal recessive (infantile form/ collecting ducts) Autosomal dominant (adult form/ all of nephron)
How do you get a partial or complete ureter duplication
The uteric bud branches too early
What is the main problem with ascent of the kidney
It can get caught on umbilical arteries
The cloaca divides into what two parts by the urorectal sinus
Urogenital sinus
Anal canal
The perineal body is the tip of the urorectal sinus
What are the three parts of the urogenital sinus
Urinary bladder
Pelvic part
Phallic part
The allantois obliterates from the bladder and leaves what structure
Urachus that becomes median umbilical ligament
When the ureters are incorporated into the bladder and separated from the mesonephric ducts, what do the mesonephric ducts become
Ejaculatory ducts in males
What does the pelvic part of the urogenital sinus become in males
Prostatic and membranous urethra
What does the phallic part of urogenital sinus become in males
Penile urethra
Outgrowths from the prostatic urethra/ urethral epithelium form what
Prostate
Or urethral and paraurethral glands
What gene is on the Y chromosome that is key to male dev?
SRY gene
Whe do gonads acquire male or female characteristics
7th week
What is the indifferent gonad?
The primitive sex cords
What will the primitive cords become in males
Testis / rete testis
When do leydig cells start producing testosterone
8th week
When do the testis cords become seminiferous tubules
At puberty
Where are the Ductuli efferentes derived from
The excretory tubules of the mesonephric duct (Wolffian duct)
What is derived from the Wolffian duct
Epididymus
Ductus deferens
Seminal vesicle
Where do the primitive sex cords go in females
Separate into separate cell clusters in medulla of ovary and later disappear
How does the cortex of the ovary form
Surface epithelium proliferates forming cortical cords
These cords split into cell clusters each surrounding a germ cell
This becomes a follicle
What forms the uterine canal and the Fallopian tubes
Müllerian or paramesonephric ducts
As soon as the paramesonephric duct contacts the urogenital sinus (after forming uterus) what happens
A solid canal of tissue forms below it that will canalize and for the vagina
What is the origin of the vagina
Paramesonephric ducts
Urogenital sinus
What separates the vagina for the urogenital sinus
Hymen
The cloacal folds subdivide into what
Urethral folds
Anal folds
What do the genital swellings become in males and females
Males- scrotum
Females- labia majora
What stimulates the dev of female genitalia
Estrogen
What is a failure of the testis to descend
Cryptorchidism
