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Cell Bio Block 4 > Eye > Flashcards

Eye Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

What includes the Corneoscleral coat of eye

A

Sclera + cornea

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1
Q

What are the three layers of the eye

A

Corneoscleral coat
Vascular coat
Retina

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2
Q

What includes the vascular coat of eye

A

UVEA

Choroid + stroma of ciliary body and iris

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3
Q

What is included in the retinal layer

A

Retina and epithelium of ciliary body and iris

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4
Q

What are the three chambers of the eye

A

Anterior chamber
Posterior chamber
Vitreous chamber

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5
Q

Eye development starts at 22 days with what structure

A

Optic sulci

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6
Q

An invagination occurs that forms the optic cup… What do the layers of the optic cup make

A

Inner layer- neural retinal layer

Outer layer- retinal pigmented epithelium

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7
Q

Why is the choroid fissure in the eye important

A

It allows hyaloid vessels to reach the inner chamber of the eye

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8
Q

What does the proximal portion of the hyaloid artery become

A

Central artery and vein of the retina

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9
Q

What is the key regulatory gene for eye development

A

PAX6

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10
Q

What does PAX 6 do?

A

Initiates the formation of a single eye field that is later separated Into two by SHH

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11
Q

What is a coloboma

A

Cleft in the iris

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12
Q

What are congenital cataracts

A

Clouding of lens during intrauterine life

Can be caused by rubella

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13
Q

What is microphthalmia

A

When the eye is too small

Often from CMV or toxoplasmosis

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14
Q

Anophthalmia

A

Absence of an eye

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15
Q

Congenital aphakia

A

Absence of the lens

Usually caused by defect in pax 6

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16
Q

Cyclopia

A

Fusion of the eyes

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17
Q

What are factors that can affect midline structures and cause synophthalmia

A

Alcohol
Mutations in SHH
Defects in cholesterol metabolism

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18
Q

Aniridia ?

A

Absence of the iris

Mutations of PAX 6

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19
Q

What is WAGR syndrome

A

Wilm’s tumor
Aniridia
Genitourinary abnormalities
Retardation (mental)

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20
Q

What is the first layer of the cornea and what is it made of

A

Corneal epithelium

5 layers of stratified squamous epithelium

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21
Q

What is conjunctivilization of the cornea

A

Vascularization, appearance of goblet cells, and irregular/unstable epithelium

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22
Q

What is your anterior BM that doesn’t regenerate in your cornea

A

Bowman’s membrane

23
Q

What is the third layer of the cornea and what is it made of

A

Corneal stroma

Collagen fibrils

24
Q

What is the fourth layer of the cornea that can regenerate

A

Descemet’s membrane

25
Q

What is the fifth layer of the cornea that provides for metabolic exchange

A

Corneal endothelium

26
Q

What do the tendons of the extra ocular muscles insert onto

A

Sclera

27
Q

The Corneoscleral limbus is an abrupt transition from where to where

A

The cornea to the sclera

28
Q

The canal of Schlemm drains the aqueous humor from where

A

Anterior chamber

29
Q

The most anterior part of the vascular coat (or uvea) is _______

A

The iris

30
Q

What kind of epithelium does the ciliary body and processes have

A

Ciliary epithelium

31
Q

What are the three functions of the ciliary epithelium

A

Secretion of aqueous humor
Participate in blood-aqueous barrier
Secretion and anchoring of zonular fibers that form suspensory ligament of lens

32
Q

What kind of connections holds the cells together of the ciliary epithelium and creates ciliary channels

A

Desmosomes

Gap junctions

33
Q

What is the route of circulation of aqueous humor

A

Ciliary body > between iris and lens > anterior chamber of eye > lateral to cornea and iris >trabecular meshwork > canal of Schlemm

34
Q

What are the two types of glaucoma

A

Open angle

Closed angle

35
Q

What occurs in open angle glaucoma

A

Trabeculae meshwork drains the aqueous humor but canal of Schlemm is blocked

36
Q

What occurs in closed angle glaucoma

A

Nothing drains because of inflammation

37
Q

How do carbonic anhydrase inhibitors help glaucoma

A

They inhibit aqueous humor formation (carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme CA2

38
Q

What are the two layers of the choroid

A

Choriocapillary layer

Bruch’s membrane

39
Q

What are the 4 types of cells of the retina

A

Photoreceptors
Conducting neurons
Association neurons
Supporting cells

40
Q

The retinal pigmented epithelium helps form the blood-retina barrier but what does that do

A

Isolates retinal cells from blood borne substances

41
Q

What type of image do rods provide

A

Gray tones

42
Q

What type of image do cones provide

A

Red, green, and blue tones

43
Q

What is the fovea

A

Small shallow depression at the posterior pole of the eye

44
Q

Foveola?

A

Central region of the fovea that is almost entirely cones

45
Q

Macula lutea?

A

Area surrounding fovea

46
Q

Why is the macula lutea yellow

A

It has xanthophyll

47
Q

What is the optic disc

A

Blind spot where optic nerve exits

48
Q

How does a retinal detachment occur

A

A potential space exists between two layers of optic cup

The neural retina can pull away from the retinal pigment epithelium

49
Q

What is dry AMD

A

Degenerative lesions of the macula lutea (thickening of Bruch’s membrane, depigmentation of retinal pigmented epithelium, destruction of capillaries)

50
Q

What is wet AMD

A

Complication of dry AMD where new blood vessels begin to appear that can leak

51
Q

What are the fibers that suspend the lens in the eye

A

Zonular fibers

52
Q

What is the lens capsule made of

A

Type 4 collagen

Proteoglycans

53
Q

What are the three layers of the lens

A

Lens capsule
Subscapular epithelium
Lens fibers

54
Q

The lens is normally transparent but it is filled with what protein

A

Crystallins

55
Q

How does excess glucose cause cataracts

A

Sorbitol interacts with crystallins making them less opaque

56
Q

What do hyalocytes do in the vitreous body

A

Synthesize collagen fibrils and glycosaminoglycans

Cell Bio Block 4 (8 decks)

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