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Cell Bio Block 4 > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

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0
Q

What is the outer portion of he parenchyma of the kidney

A

Cortex

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1
Q

What are the two hormones produced by the urinary system

A

Renin

Erythropoietin

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2
Q

What is the inner portion of the parenchyma of the kidney

A

Medulla

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3
Q

What is the functional unit of the kidney

A

Nephron

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4
Q

What are the two parts of the nephron

A

Renal corpuscle

Tubular part

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5
Q

Main function of the renal corpuscle

A

Filtration

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6
Q

Main function of the tubular part

A

Absorption and secretion

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7
Q

Two parts of the renal corpuscle

A

Glomerulus

Bowmans capsule

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8
Q

What are the two poles of the renal corpuscle

A

Vascular pole

Urinary pole

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9
Q

What can be found at the vascular pole of the renal corpuscle

A

Afferent vessels enter
Efferent vessels exit
Afferent branch and form glomerulus

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10
Q

What can be found at the urinary pole of the renal corpuscle

A

Beginning of tubular part

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11
Q

What is the outer layer of Bowmans capsule made of

A

Simple squamous epithelium

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12
Q

What is the inner layer of Bowmans capsule made of

A

Podocytes

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13
Q

What is the filtration barrier between blood and urinary space in the glomerulus

A

Basement membrane

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14
Q

What is the composition of glomerular filtrate

A

Similar to plasma but contains almost no protein

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15
Q

Where will you find mesangial cells

A

Within the capillary walls of the glomerulus

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16
Q

What receptors do mesangial cells have on them

A

Angiotensin 2

Atrial naturetic factor

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17
Q

What functions do mesangial cells have

A

Structural support
Synthesize extracellular matrix
Endocytosis
Control blood flow

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18
Q

What type of epithelium does the proximal convoluted have

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

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19
Q

What are some of the characteristics of the epithelium of the proximal convoluted tubule

A

Numerous mitochondria
Abundant microvili
Abundant infoldings

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20
Q

What is absorbed back in the proximal convoluted tubules

A

Glucose
Small proteins
Amino acids
85%of water and NaCl

21
Q

What is secreted in the proximal convoluted tubules

A

Creatinine
Organic acids
Organic bases

22
Q

What are the 4 potential parts of the loop of Henley

A

Thick descending limb
Thin descending limb
Thin ascending limb
Thick ascending limb

23
Q

What are the two types of nephrons based on loop of Henley and location of the renal corpuscle

A

Cortical nephrons

Juxtamedullary nephrons

24
Q

What creates the hyperosmotic gradient in the medulla?

A

Juxtamedullary nephrons

Specifically the selective permeability of the thin ascending and descending loops to water and NaCl

25
Q

What is the epithelium of the distal convoluted tubule

A

Simple cuboidal

26
Q

What are some of the characteristics of the epithelium of the distal convoluted tubule

A

Mitochondria
NO BRUSH BORDER
Basal membrane infoldings

27
Q

What is aldosterone dependent in the distal convoluted tubules

A

Absorb sodium

Secrete potassium

28
Q

What is acid base balance dependent in the distal convoluted tubules

A

Secrete hydrogen and ammonium

29
Q

What are the three cell types of the juxtaglomerular apparatus

A

Cells of macula densa
JG cells
Extraglomerular mesangial cells

30
Q

What is the macula densa

A

A modified segment of the wall of the distal convoluted tubule

31
Q

What is the function of the cells of the macula densa

A

They are sensitive to ionic content and water volume of the tubular fluid

32
Q

What do JG cells secrete

A

Renin

33
Q

What are JG cells

A

Modified smooth muscle cells of the afferent arteriole

34
Q

What activates the renin-angiotensin- aldosterone system

A

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

35
Q

What connects a distal convoluted tubule to a collecting duct

A

Collecting tubule

36
Q

What type of epithelium makes up the collecting tubules and ducts

A

Simple cuboidal which turns to columnar

37
Q

What are the two cell types present in collecting tubule/duct epithelium

A

Light cells

Dark cells

38
Q

Where are light cells located

A

Throughout collecting ducts and tubules

39
Q

Where are dark cells located

A

Cortical region

40
Q

What do dark cells do

A

Secrete hydrogen ion or bicarbonate

41
Q

Ducts becomes permeable to water in the presence of what

A

ADH

42
Q

What is the main artery that supplies blood to the cortex/medulla

A

Renal artery

43
Q

What branch of renal artery gives of afferent arterioles

A

Interlobar arteries

44
Q

What is important about the vasa recta arteries

A

They make straight hair pin turns and descend out into the medulla alongside the loop of Henley helping maintain the osmotic gradient of the medulla

45
Q

What do all the veins of the kidney drain into?

A

Renal vein

46
Q

Urine is no longer modified once it reaches where

A

Leaves collecting duct

47
Q

What is the lining of the ureter

A

Transitional epithelium

48
Q

What are the two muscle layers of the bladder

A 
Inner layer (longitudinal)
Outer layer (circular)
49
Q

What is the ring like muscle arrangement at the opening of the urethra

A

Internal urethral sphincter

50
Q

What is the epithelium of the female urethra

A

Transitional to stratified squamous

51
Q

What is the transition of epithelium of the male urethra

A

Transitional
Pseudostratified columnar
Stratified squamous

Cell Bio Block 4 (8 decks)

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