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Cell Bio Block 4 > Endocrine Overview And Pituitary > Flashcards

Endocrine Overview And Pituitary Flashcards

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0
Q

What are the two types of receptors hormones must bind to to trigger action?

A

Cell surface

Intra cellular

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1
Q

What are the three types of hormones?

A

Steroids
Amino acid analogues
Small peptides, proteins, and glycoproteins

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2
Q

What does the activation of cell surface receptors stimulate production of ?

A

Second messengers

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3
Q

What are 4 examples of secondary messengers

A

cAMP
DAG
IP3
Calcium

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4
Q

What are the three binding domains on intra cellular receptors

A

Hormone binding region
DNA binding region
An amino terminal region

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5
Q

How do intra cellular receptors increase cell metabolism

A

Increase mRNA = increase in proteins

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6
Q

What is the largest collection of endocrine cells in the body

A

Gastroenterohepatic system

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7
Q

What connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary

A

Infundibulum

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8
Q

Where does the anterior lobe of the pituitary develop from

A

Oropharynx ectoderm (rathke’s pouch)

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9
Q

What are the three parts of the anterior pouch of the pituitary?

A

Pars distalis
Pars intermedia
Pars tuberalis

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10
Q

What does the posterior part of the pituitary develope from and where

A

Neural secretory tissue in the diencephalon

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11
Q

What are the parts of the posterior pituitary

A

Pars nervosa

Infundibulum

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12
Q

What are the two arterial supplies of the pituitary

A

Superior hypophyseal arteries

Inferior hypophyseal arteries

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13
Q

What does the superior hypophyseal arteries supply

A

Pars tuberalis
Median eminance
Infundibulum

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14
Q

What does the inferior hypophyseal arteries supply

A

Pars nervosa

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15
Q

Where does most of the blood from the pituitary drain into?

A

Cavernous sinus

16
Q

What are the 6 hormones secreted from the anterior pituitary

A 
**flat pg
Follicle stimulating hormone (fsh)
Lutinizing hormone (LH)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH )
Thyroid stimulating hormone (tsh )
Prolactin 
Growth hormone (gh)
17
Q

Which of the anterior pituitary hormones are tropic?

A 
*flat
Fsh
LH
ACTH
TSH
18
Q

Which of the anterior pituitary hormones are not tropic

A

GH

Prolactin

19
Q

What are the 5 cell types in the anterior pituitary based on immunochemistry

A 
Somatotropes
Lactotropes
Corticotropes
Gonadotropes
Thyrotropes
20
Q

What do somatotropes produces

A

GH

21
Q

What do lactotropes produce

A

Prolactin

22
Q

What do corticotropes produce

A

ACTH

POMC

23
Q

What do gonadotropes produce

A

FSH

LH

24
Q

What do thyrotropes produce

A

TSH

25
Q

What two conditions can an adenoma cause

A

Gigantism

Acromegaly

26
Q

Hyperprolactinemia causes what symptoms

A

Milk secretion
Low libido
Infertility
Dysfunctional uterine bleeding in women

27
Q

What is found in the pars nervosa

A

Neurosecretory axons + endings

28
Q

What can be found along all parts of the neurons of the pars nervosa?

A

Secretory vesicles

29
Q

What do herring bodies in the posterior lobe contain?

A

ADH or oxytocin
ATP
Neurophysin

30
Q

What are the only cells that are specific to the posterior pituitary?

A

Pituicytes

31
Q

What do pituicytes contain?

A

GFAP

32
Q

What does ADH (anti diuretic hormone) act on?

A

Water channels = aquaporins (Aqp-2)

33
Q

What two conditions would stimulate the release of ADH?

A

High plasma osmolality

Decreased blood volume

34
Q

What is the condition where there is a reduced amount or absence of ADH?

A

Diabetes insipidus

35
Q

What is different about nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

A

A mutation in AQP2 and ADH receptors makes the kidney unable to respond to ADH

36
Q

What is the primary effect of oxytocin

A

Promote smooth muscle contractions in the uterus and mammary glands

37
Q

What are the two cells found in the pineal gland

A

Pinealocytes

Interstitial cells

38
Q

What does the pineal gland secrete

A

Melatonin

Cell Bio Block 4 (8 decks)

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