Endocrine Overview And Pituitary Flashcards
What are the two types of receptors hormones must bind to to trigger action?
Cell surface
Intra cellular
What are the three types of hormones?
Steroids
Amino acid analogues
Small peptides, proteins, and glycoproteins
What does the activation of cell surface receptors stimulate production of ?
Second messengers
What are 4 examples of secondary messengers
cAMP
DAG
IP3
Calcium
What are the three binding domains on intra cellular receptors
Hormone binding region
DNA binding region
An amino terminal region
How do intra cellular receptors increase cell metabolism
Increase mRNA = increase in proteins
What is the largest collection of endocrine cells in the body
Gastroenterohepatic system
What connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary
Infundibulum
Where does the anterior lobe of the pituitary develop from
Oropharynx ectoderm (rathke’s pouch)
What are the three parts of the anterior pouch of the pituitary?
Pars distalis
Pars intermedia
Pars tuberalis
What does the posterior part of the pituitary develope from and where
Neural secretory tissue in the diencephalon
What are the parts of the posterior pituitary
Pars nervosa
Infundibulum
What are the two arterial supplies of the pituitary
Superior hypophyseal arteries
Inferior hypophyseal arteries
What does the superior hypophyseal arteries supply
Pars tuberalis
Median eminance
Infundibulum
What does the inferior hypophyseal arteries supply
Pars nervosa
Where does most of the blood from the pituitary drain into?
Cavernous sinus
What are the 6 hormones secreted from the anterior pituitary
**flat pg Follicle stimulating hormone (fsh) Lutinizing hormone (LH) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH ) Thyroid stimulating hormone (tsh ) Prolactin Growth hormone (gh)
Which of the anterior pituitary hormones are tropic?
*flat Fsh LH ACTH TSH
Which of the anterior pituitary hormones are not tropic
GH
Prolactin
What are the 5 cell types in the anterior pituitary based on immunochemistry
Somatotropes Lactotropes Corticotropes Gonadotropes Thyrotropes
What do somatotropes produces
GH
What do lactotropes produce
Prolactin
What do corticotropes produce
ACTH
POMC
What do gonadotropes produce
FSH
LH
What do thyrotropes produce
TSH
What two conditions can an adenoma cause
Gigantism
Acromegaly
Hyperprolactinemia causes what symptoms
Milk secretion
Low libido
Infertility
Dysfunctional uterine bleeding in women
What is found in the pars nervosa
Neurosecretory axons + endings
What can be found along all parts of the neurons of the pars nervosa?
Secretory vesicles
What do herring bodies in the posterior lobe contain?
ADH or oxytocin
ATP
Neurophysin
What are the only cells that are specific to the posterior pituitary?
Pituicytes
What do pituicytes contain?
GFAP
What does ADH (anti diuretic hormone) act on?
Water channels = aquaporins (Aqp-2)
What two conditions would stimulate the release of ADH?
High plasma osmolality
Decreased blood volume
What is the condition where there is a reduced amount or absence of ADH?
Diabetes insipidus
What is different about nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
A mutation in AQP2 and ADH receptors makes the kidney unable to respond to ADH
What is the primary effect of oxytocin
Promote smooth muscle contractions in the uterus and mammary glands
What are the two cells found in the pineal gland
Pinealocytes
Interstitial cells
What does the pineal gland secrete
Melatonin
