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Cell Bio Block 4 > Female Reproductive > Flashcards

Female Reproductive Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

What is under the topmost epithelium of the ovaries

A

Tunica albuginea

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1
Q

The ovaries are covered by what epithelium

A

Simple squamous or cuboidal

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2
Q

What part of the ovary has the follicles

A

Cortex

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3
Q

What part of the ovary has the vessels of the ovary

A

Medulla

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4
Q

Cells that start in yolk sac and move to gonads (ovary) transform I to what first

A

Oogonia

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5
Q

Oogonia transform Into what

A

Primary oocytes

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6
Q

What meiotic stage are primary oocytes in by 7th month

A

Diplotene stage of first prophase of meiosis 1

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7
Q

What is an ovarian follicle

A

Oocyte surrounded by one or more layers of follicular cells

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8
Q

What stimulates follicular growth

A

FSH

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9
Q

Once a primordial follicle forms a single layer of cuboid follicular cells by mitosis, the follicle is now a __________

A

Unilaminar primary follicle

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10
Q

How does communication occur in the granulosa layer of the follicle

A

Gap junctions

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11
Q

Where does the zona pellucida come from

A

Oocyte and follicular cells

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12
Q

A follicle with a zona pellucida, granulosa layer is what type of follicle

A

Multilaminar primary follicle

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13
Q

A follicle with a cumulus oophorus, corona radiata, and an Antrum is a _____________ follicle

A

Secondary or antral

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14
Q

What is theca interna responsible for

A

Synthesizing androstenedione

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15
Q

What is the theca externa responsible for

A

Layers of fibroblasts

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16
Q

What is the path of androstenedione

A

It goes to the granulosa layer
It’s converted to estrogen with FSH present
Estrogen goes to stroma and rest of body

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17
Q

What is the most mature follicle type

A

Graafian follicle

Only one reaches this

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18
Q

When is follicular atresia most intense

A

At birth
Puberty
Pregnancy

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19
Q

What surge of hormone causes ovulation

A

LH (stimulated by estrogen)

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20
Q

What occurs to the Oocyte immediately prior to ovulation

A

Meiosis 1 is completed and Oocyte stops in metaphase of meiosis 2

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21
Q

When the follicle ruptures, what is the Oocyte still enclosed in

A

Zona pellucida
Corona radiata
Follicular fluid

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22
Q

What cells make up the Corpus luteum

A

Theca interna cells

Granulosa cells

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23
Q

What do the granulosa cells of the corpus luteum do and turn into

A

Granulosa lutein cells

Secrete steroids

24
Q

What do the theca interna cells become in the corpus luteum

A

Theca lutein cells

25
Q

LH causes the cells of the corpus luteum to secrete what

A

Progesterone and estrogen

26
Q

What is the corpus alibicans

A

Scar left from corpus luteum that degenerated

27
Q

What happens to the corpus luteum if pregnancy occurs

A

It starts secreting HcG from trophoblastic cells

This stimulates progesterone

28
Q

What are the three layers of uterine tubes

A

Mucosa
Muscularis
Serosa

29
Q

What type of epithelium is the mucosa of the uterine tube

A

Simple columnar epithelium with Ciliated and secretory cells

30
Q

What two important things are in the uterine tube secretions

A

Nutrients for Oocyte

Substances for capacitation of sperm

31
Q

Penetration of the Oocyte by sperm triggers what

A

Completion of the second meiotic division

32
Q

What are the three layers of the uterus

A

Serosa
Myometrium
Endometrium

33
Q

What happens to the myometriuim during pregnancy

A

Undergoes hyperplasia and hypertrophy

Smooth muscle cells Synthesize collagen

34
Q

Endometrium has what two types of cells

A

Ciliated

Secretory simple columnar

35
Q

What type of collagen is endometrium

A

Type 3

36
Q

What are the two layers of endometrium

A

Stratum functionale

Stratum basale

37
Q

How does the myometrium get blood

A

Uterine a. > arcuate a.

38
Q

How does the stratum basale get blood

A

Uterine a. > arcuate a. > radial a. > straight a. Branches

39
Q

What branches off the radial artery are important for the stratum functionale

A

Spiral a. Branches

40
Q

What are the three phases of the menstrual cycle

A

Menstrual phase (actual flow)
Proliferative phase
Secretory phase

41
Q

What is happening during the proliferative phase

A

Follicles are growing and producing estrogen

Estrogen stimulates cell proliferation in the endometrium

42
Q

What is happening during the secretory phase

A

Progesterone from the corpus luteum causes changes in stratum functionale

43
Q

What initiates the menstrual phase

A

Rapid decline in progesterone levels when corpus luteum stops functioning

44
Q

Once implantation occurs, the endometrium becomes what

A

Decidua with decidual cells

45
Q

What are the three types of decidua

A 
Decidua basalis (between baby and myometrium)
Decidua capsularis (bw baby and lumen)
Decidua parietalis (remainder)
46
Q

Where is the site of dysplastic changes in the cervix

A

Transformation zone

47
Q

Where is the transformation zone in the cervix

A

Just outside the cervical os in reproductive women

In the cervical canal after menopause and before puberty

48
Q

What is the transformation zone

A

An abrupt change between endocervix (columnar) and ectocervix (stratified squamous )

49
Q

What are the three layers of the vaginal wall

A

Mucosal layer

Muscular layer adventitia layer

50
Q

During the follicular phase, what do the cells of the vagina do

A

Secrete glycogen

51
Q

What type of epithelium is in the lactiferous sinus

A

Two layered cuboidal

52
Q

What type of epithelium is in the lactiferous duct (opens into nipple)

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

53
Q

What type of epithelium is in rest/majority of lactiferous duct system

A

Simple columnar/ cuboidal

54
Q

What role does estrogen have in mammary glands and pregnancy

A

Duct growth

55
Q

What role does progesterone have on mammary glands and pregnancy

A

Alveolar growth

56
Q

How are protein components released during lactation

A

Merocrine secretion

57
Q

How are lipid components released during lactation

A

Apocrine secretion

58
Q

How is colostrum different than milk

A

High IgA content

More protein and less carbs and fats

Cell Bio Block 4 (8 decks)

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