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Cell Bio Block 4 > Adrenal Glands > Flashcards

Adrenal Glands Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

What does the medulla secrete

A

Catecholamines

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1
Q

What does the cortex secrete

A

Steroid hormones

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2
Q

What does the medulla cells of the adrenal gland originate from?

A

Neural crest

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3
Q

What does the cortex cells of the adrenal gland originate from

A

Mesodermal mesenchyme

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4
Q

What are the three arteries that supply the adrenal gland

A

Superior suprarenal
Inferior suprarenal
Middle suprarenal

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5
Q

What are the three main types of blood distribution within the adrenal gland

A

Capsular capillaries
Fenestrated cortical capillaries
Medullary arterioles

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6
Q

What is the main collecting vein in the adrenal gland?

A

central adrenomedullary vein

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7
Q

what is special about the central adrenomedullary vein?

A

It has a tunica media around it (smooth muscle) that will contract to empty out the blood from the adrenal gland into circulation w/ its hormones

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8
Q

what are the three divisions of the adrenal cortex?

A

zona glomerulosa
zona fasciculata
zona reticularis

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9
Q

What surrounds each cell cluster in the zona glomerulosa

A

Rich network of capillaries

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10
Q

What do the cells of the zona glomerulosa secrete

A

Mineralocorticoids specifically aldosterone

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11
Q

What do mineralocorticoids do

A

Regulate sodium and potassium balance

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12
Q

What does aldosterone do

A

Stimulates reabsorption of sodium and release of potassium by kidney

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13
Q

What do the JG cells release

A

Renin

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14
Q

What does renin do?

A

Catalyze a rxn bw angiotensinogen to angiotensin 1

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15
Q

What rxn does ACE catalyze in the lung

A

Angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2

16
Q

What does angiotensin 2 stimulate

A

Cells of the zona glomerulosa to secrete aldosterone

17
Q

What do cells of the zona fasciculata secrete?

A

Glucocorticoids specifically cortisol

18
Q

What effect does glucocorticoids have on the immune system

A

Depresses immune system

Stimulates destruction of lymphocytes in lymph nodes

19
Q

What is the principle secretion of the zona reticularis

A

Weak androgens specifically dehydroepiandrosterone

20
Q

What mechanism controls the zona reticularis

A

CRH -ACTH system

21
Q

What type of modified neurons are found in the adrenal medulla

A

Chromaffin cells

22
Q

What do chromatin cells release

A

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

23
Q

Axon growth of chromatin cells is inhibited by what

A

Glucocorticoids

24
Q

What are the two populations of chromaffin cells

A

Norepinephrine granules

Epinephrine granules

25
Q

What regulates secretion from the zona fasciculata

A

ACTH

26
Q

How can glucocorticoids change the granules of chromaffin cells

A

Change norepinephrine to epinephrine

27
Q

What do tumors of the adrenal medulla cause

A

Sustained hypertension

Cell Bio Block 4 (8 decks)

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