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Cell Bio Block 4 > Thyroid > Flashcards

Thyroid Flashcards

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0
Q

What’s is the tissue derivative the thyroid develops from

A

Endodermal derivative

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1
Q

What are the functional units of the thyroid

A

Secretory follicles

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2
Q

The pyramidal lobe is a remnant of what

A

The thyroglossal duct

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3
Q

What cells are responsible for the production of t3 and t4

A

Follicular cells

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4
Q

What type of epithelium forms thyroid follicles

A

Simple cuboidal or low columnar

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5
Q

What are the principle cells of thyroid follicles

A

Follicular cells

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6
Q

What regulates t3 and t4 secretion from follicular cells

A

Tsh from anterior pituitary

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7
Q

What is t4

A

Thyroxine

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8
Q

What is t3

A

Triiodothyronine

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9
Q

What are t3 and t4 responsible for

A

Cell and tissue basal metabolism
Heat production
Body growth and development

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10
Q

What is the major component of colloid

A

Thyroglobulin

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11
Q

What is thyroglobulin

A

Inactive form of thyroid hormones

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12
Q

What is unique about the storage capacity about the thyroid gland

A

It stores most of its hormones extracellularly

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13
Q

True or false: t3 and t4 cross the placenta

A

True

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14
Q

What are the results of insufficient amounts of thyroid hormone during pregnancy

A 
CNS damage
Defective myelination
Reduced neurons 
Mental retardation 
STUNTED BODY GROWTH
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15
Q

What do parafollicular cells secrete

A

Calcitonin

16
Q

What other gland besides the para follicular cells also secretes calcitonin

A

Thyroid gland

17
Q

What is the antagonist to parathyroid hormone

A

Calcitonin

18
Q

What is the effect of calcitonin

A 
Inhibits osteoclasts (destroy bone)
Increases calcium deposition
19
Q

If you have increased blood calcium, your calcitonin levels….

A

Increase

20
Q

If you have decreased blood calcium, your calcitonin levels…

A

Decrease

21
Q

What do the parathyroid glands develop from?

A

3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouches

22
Q

What is derived from the third pharyngeal pouch?

A

Inferior parathyroid glands

Thymus

23
Q

What is derived from the 4th pharyngeal pouch

A

Superior parathyroid glands

24
Q

What cells are responsible for regulating fetal calcium metabolism

A

Chief cells

25
Q

What cells are responsible for the secretion of PTH

A

Chief cells (principal cells)

26
Q

What cells in the parathyroid gland develop later, are less numerous, and are not known to have a function

A

Oxyphil cells

27
Q

What does the parathyroid gland secrete

A

Parathyroid hormone

28
Q

What does PTH regulate

A

Calcium and phosphate levels

29
Q

How does PTH work on bone

A

Activates osteoclasts

Calcium and phosphate are released

30
Q

How does PTH work on the kidney

A

Tubular reabsorption of calcium is increased
Urinary excretion of phosphate is increased
Vitamin d3 is hormonally activated

31
Q

How does PTH work on intestines

A

Calcium absorption is increased

Cell Bio Block 4 (8 decks)

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