Urogenital System Flashcards
Kidneys are retroperitoneal at level of
T3-T12
Concave side of kidney is called
Hilum
Where is the renal sinus contained
Hilum
What does the renal sinus contain
Renal artery, renal vein, and renal pelvis
Renal cortex along the
Outside
Renal medulla (pyramids) location of
Nephrons
Minor calyces receive urate from
Nephrons
Major calyces receive multiple
minor calyces
Renal pelvis receives
Major calyces
1 million nephrons in a
Kidney
Adrenal glands name
Suprarenal
Attached to the crura of the diaphragm surface
Adrenal glands
What are the adrenal glands and kidneys separated by
Thin septum
Pyramidal shape with veins and nerves entering at
hilum but arteries penetrate at multiple sites.
Adrenal glands
2 major components of the adrenal glands
Suprarenal cortex and Suprarenal medulla
secretes corticosteroids and
androgens
Suprarenal cortex
Retain sodium and water in response to stress, to
increase blood volume and blood pressure
Suprarenal cortex
Secrete catecholamines into blood
to activate the sympathetic fight-or-flight (increase BP,
dilate bronchioles, change blood flow patterns)
Suprarenal medulla
Epinephrine
Adrenaline
Kidneys purpose
Regulate homeostasis
Kidneys release ________ enzymes which play a role in producing and releasing erythropoietin, renin, and metabolic vitamin D
Endocrine
Kidneys filter
Blood and body waste end products
Glomerular filtration
Kidneys filter blood and body waste products
End products of kidney filtration
Metabolism and excess water
Kidneys produce _______ from filtered products and fills bladder
Urine
Bladder empties with urination as the dissension of the detrusor muscle triggers the ___________.
Micturition reflex
Filtrates 20 % of the blood initially , total reabsorption is 19%
Nephrons
Filtration in nephrons is performed by :
Hydrostatic
Osmotic
Balancing fluid pressure
Filtration occurs in bowman’s capsule
Renal corpuscle
Avg glomerular filtration
180 L day
Entire plasma of the body gets filtered
60 x day
Designed for reabsorption of the fluid
Renal tubule
What makes up the renal tubule
Proximal convoluted tubule , loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct
First stage dumps fluid back into bloodstreM
PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE
Maintains fluid pressure in pyramid
Loop of henle
More reabsorption occurs
Distal convoluted tubercle
Tubular excretion all leftover filtrate I passed to minor calyx
Collecting duct
The order from collecting ducts
Collecting ducts- minor calyces- major calyces- renal pelvis- ureter- bladder
Muscular ducts with narrow lumen and are retroperitoneal
Ureters
What allows urine to be passed to bladder
Peristaltic contractions
Urine enters _______ to the bladder (one way valve )
Obliquely
Triangle of the 3 orifices (2 ureter 1 urethra)
Trigone
Afferent visceral fibers are triggered by
Bladder distension
Stretching of the bladder ______ contracts the detrusor muscle to empty the bladder (mic trust on ])
Reflexively
The detrusor will ______ the internal urethral orifice and ________ the ureteric orifices
Open, close
Urethras excrete
Urine
Females have shorter
Urethras
Females have 1
Urethral sphincter
Uterus sits on top of
Bladder
Females urethral sphincter is
Voluntary
Males have a __________ and ____________
Internal urethral sphincter (involuntary )
External urethral sphincter (voluntary) found after prostate
Neurogenic incontinence
Assistance with catheter
Stones are comprised of
Salts and acids
• Develop in the Calices and renal pelvis and then
descend through the ureter
Stones
Kidney stone pain
Begin at flank (lateral low back region) and change as it descends into groin region
Pelvis (pelvic girdle )
Sacrum, innominate or coxae, pubic symphysis
What makes up the innominate or coxae
Ilium, pubis, ischium
What makes up the ilium
Iliac crest, iliac fossa, articular surface, arculate line
Acetabulum =
Conjunction of all three
Acetabular notch
Incomplete inferior
Orientation of the acetabulum is
Inferolaterally
Purpose of the pelvic girdle
Location of weight transfer from torso to the legs
The pelvic girdle also supports viscera and fetus during development, and location for
Muscle attachments
Superior greater (false) pelvis
Protect abdominopelvic viscera and muscle attachment sites
Inferior lesser (true)
Protect pelvic viscera
Pelvic cavity, perineum, and lower extremities
Pelvic brim (ring)
Sacrum, arcuate line of ilium to pubic crest and ending at pubic symphysis
Passage into the pelvis
Pelvic inlet
Passage out of the pelvis
Pelvic outlet
Angle between the pubic rami
Subpubic angle
Female pelvic girdle
Wider and shorter
Oval shaped
Larger subpubic angle , greater than 80 degrees
Male pelvic girdle
Narrow and tall
Circular diameter
Subpubic angle less than 70 degrees
Female anterior to posterior organs
Bladder, uterus, ovaries, vagina, rectum
Male anterior to posterior organs
Bladder
Rectum
Abdominal aorta
External and internal iliac artery
External iliac artery becomes the
Femoral artery
Internal iliac artery branches
Posterior and anterior branch
Posterior branch
Iliolumbar, lateral sacral, superior gluteal
Ascends to the lumbar region (only one that ascends to the abdomen)
Iliolumbar
Descends to lateral border of sacrum (stays in pelvic cavity )
Lateral sacral
Passes between L5 and S1 nerve root as it moves into the gluteal region
Superior gluteal
Anterior branch for females
Umbilical, obturator, superior vesical, uterine, vaginal, middle rectal, inferior gluteal, internal pudendal
Passes to the superior bladder
Superior vesical
Anterior branch male
Umbilical, obturator, superior vesical, deferens, inferior vesical, middle rectal, inferior gluteal, internal pudendal
Lateral sacral and Iliolumbar blood supply
Pelvic walls
Internal pudendal and inferior rectal blood supply
Perineum
Obturator, superior gluteal, inferior gluteal blood supply
Lower extremities
Parasympathetic (s2-s4)
Regulate micturition, defecation, and penile/clitoral erection
Sympathetic (t11-l2)
Regulate ejaculation and orgasm
Somatic nervous system (s2-s4, pudendal nerve)
Controls sphincters
