Abdomen Flashcards
Abdomen
Belly
Linea alba
White line
Aponeurosis
Forming/increased separate or derived tendon
Gaster
Stomach/belly
Epigastric
Pertaining to above/on top of the stomach
Inguinal
Groin
Lumbar
Loin
Pelvis
Basin
Pertaining to under the cartilage
Hypochondriac
Omphalos
Umbilicus
Between the thorax and pelvis
Abdomen
Contains alimentary system and urogenital system
Abdomen
The abdomen can either be divided
Quadrants and 9 regions
pubic symphysis to xiphoid
process
Vertical line
Divided into Quadrants
• Right Upper Quadrant • Right Lower Quadrant • Left Upper Quadrant • Left Lower Quadrant
Top abdominal cavity
Diaphragm
Bottom abdominal cavity
Pelvic inlet
Support of abdominal contents
Supported by pelvis sling
Abdominal Layers
- Skin
- Superficial fascia
- Abdominal muscles
- Deep fasciA
- Abdominal lining
Abdominal lining
Parietal peritoneum
Superficial fascia
Superficially (fatty) = campers
Deeper (membranous)= scarpas
Deep fascia =
Transversalis
Lies between the transverse
abdominis and the extraperitoneal fascia
Transversalis fascia
Single cell thick serous
membrane lining the abdominal cavity and its viscera
Peritoneum
External oblique origin and insertion
O: lower eight ribs
I: Membranous portion inserts on the iliac crest
and the tendonous portion inserts into the linea alba
• Superolateral to inferomedial
• Orientation of your fingers when your hands are in front
pockets
Innervation of external oblique
ventral rami of T7-12 (12 is subcostal) and
iliohypogastric nerves from L1 nerve root
External oblique action
• bilaterally , aids with trunk flexion
• unilaterally, lateral bending in L-Spine and lateral
rotation of trunk.
Internal oblique o and I
• Origin: Anterior 2/3 of iliac crest and lateral 2/3 of inguinal
ligament, and thoracolumbar fascia posteriorly
• Insertion: Inferior border of 10-12th ribs, the cartilage of
ribs 9-10 and linea alba
• Inferolateral to superomedial
• Same orientation of fingers over heart
Innervation internal oblique
ventral rami of T7-12 (12 is subcostal),
iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves (from L1 nerve root)
Action internal oblique
• bilaterally, aids with trunk flexion
• unilaterally , lateral side bending and lateral rotation
of trunk.
• Works in conjunction with External Oblique
Trans versus abdominus origin
• Costal: Inner surface of
lower 6 costal cartilages (interdigitates with diaphragm)
• Lumbar: Lumbar
vertebrae by thoracolumbar fascia
• Pelvic: inner lip of iliac
crest and lateral 1/3 of inguinal ligament
Trans versus abdominus insertion
Linea alba
• Contributes to
formation or posterior rectus sheath
Trans versus abdominus innervation
Ventral rami
of T7-T12 and all of L1
Action of trans versus abdominus
Compression of
Abdomen
• May play vital role in lumbar stabilization
• WHY?
Recuts abdominus origin and insertion
• Origin: Pubic crest and Pubic tubercle
• Insertion: Cartilage of ribs 5-7
Rectus abdominus innervation
ventral rami of t7-t12
Action rectus abdominus
Bilaterally à aids with trunk flexion
• Approximates ribs to pelvis
• Increase intrabdominal pressure
• Aid in defecation, urination, childbirth,
and a general lumbar stabilizer
Abdomen function
• Protects and supports
viscera
• Aids in micturition,
defecation, respiration,
yelling, coughing, sneezing,
vomiting, and childbirth
• Also aids in trunk and
spine stability to maintain
posture.
• How? • Clinically LBP
protrusion of
an organ or part of an
organ that passes through
connective tissue or the
wall of a cavity which is
normally closed.
Hernia
common after large amounts of
weight loss and post partum
Abdominal hernia
AbdominAL hernias
Epigastric, umbilical, spligelian
follow femoral artery
and vein (do not go through inguinal canal)
Femoral hernias
• 90% of all hernias • Mainly occur in males
Inguinal hernias
Direct – into inguinal canal through
the wall (pictured)
• Weakness of posterior abdominal wall
of the inguinal canal
• Indirect – through the deep inguinal
ring
• Can be weakness but usually
Congenital abnormal persistence of processus vaginalis (extension of the peritoneum through inguinal canal)
Inguinal hernias
