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Anatomy > Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

It takes most bones years to _____

A

Fully develop

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2
Q

All bones service from

A

Mesenchymal tissue

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3
Q

Intramembranous ossification

A

Cranium

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4
Q

Endochondral ossification

A

Cartilage

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5
Q

Bone lengthens at ______ junction

A

Diaphyseal-epiphyseal junction

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6
Q

ChondrocyTes change into

A

Oceocytes

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7
Q

Closure of epiphyseal plates mark _____

A

End growth

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8
Q

Cartilage calcifies in the center of the diaphysis and then develops

A

Cavities

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9
Q

The periosteal bud invades the internal cavities and spongy bone

A

Forms

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10
Q

The diaphysis elongates and a medullary cavity forms secondary ossification centers appear in

A

Epiphyses

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11
Q

When ossification is complete, hyaline cartilage remains only in

A

Epiphyseal plates

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12
Q

Tubular shafts (levers)

A

Long bones

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13
Q

Cube shaped (articulating surfaces)

A

Short bones

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14
Q

Curved (provide protection )

A

Flat

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15
Q

Not defined very well (many muscle attachments )

A

Irregular

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16
Q

Sesamoid

A

Within muscles/tendons (mechanical advantage)

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17
Q

Tendons run parallel to

A

Muscle

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18
Q

Tendons connect

A

Muscle to bone

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19
Q

Tendons resist

A

Parallel tension

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20
Q

Tenocytes control metabolism and _____

A

Respond to stimuli

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21
Q

Tendons main function

A

Resist tensile loads and is REACTIVE

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22
Q

When injured response time is slowed,

A

Start pulling on bone too much (causes inflammation)

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23
Q

Isometric (tendon healing)

A

Have constant tension (resetting)

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24
Q

Slow eccentric and then concentric contraction tendons

A

How you get sore- the tendons need to allow lengthening process so they know what to do when they are longer

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25
Progress load and speed
Concentric activity
26
Tendon pulling too much
Patella tendonopathy
27
Muscles are named for their
Length shape, function, attachment/position, and size
28
What muscle is named for shape
Trapezius
29
What muscles are named for size
Rhomboid major/minor
30
What muscle is named for location/position
Latissimus dorsi
31
What muscle is named for attachment?
Interspinalis
32
What muscle is named for function
Levator scapulae
33
Muscles attach to tendons at
Myotendinous junction
34
Common location for muscle injury
Myotendinous junction
35
Primordial muscle cells elongate and fuse to form
Myotubes
36
Myotubes and myoblasts fuse to produce
Growth
37
Muscle composition
(Water, protein, organic/inorganic compounds)
38
How much water is in muscle
75%
39
Muscle fibers=
Cells
40
Most muscles in the body are present at birth or
Develop within 1 year
41
Muscles increase in ________ based on activity
Diameter
42
Muscles increase in length based on ________
Skeletal system
43
Actin and myosin form the
Sarcomere
44
Bundle of myofibrils
Muscle fiber
45
Small group of muscle fibers
Fascicle
46
Smaller group of muscle fibers are innervated by a single nerve
Motor unit
47
Structural unit is made up of
Many sarcomeres
48
A functional unit is a
Motor unit
49
Motor neuron cell bodies begin in
Spinal cord
50
All motor neurons fire synchronously or
Not at all
51
Smaller motor units are recruited first then larger motor units
Henneman size principle
52
Lifting a large weight
All motor units are working
53
Acetylcholine released as the
Neurotransmitter
54
5 ms for
Skeletal muscle
55
200ms for
Cardiac muscles
56
Action potentials travel along
Sarcolemma
57
Action potentials travel along sarcolemma (cell membrane) and down t tubercles
Neuromuscular junction
58
Transmits action potential to signal CALCIUM to release at terminal cisternae
T tubule
59
Surrounds each myofibril
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
60
Calcium is released and binds to
Troponin
61
Troponin moves ______ out of The way so myosin can bind to actin
Tropomyosin
62
End of power stroke
ATP comes and releases energy of actin myosin connection
63
Power stroke
Myosin crawls along actin
64
Type 1 muscle fiber
Slow twitch , slow to fatigue , endurance
65
Long distance running
Type1 slow twitch, long distance
66
Type 2
Fast twitch, less blood supply, power/sprint/strength
67
Skeletal striated
Somatic nervous system (voluntary)
68
Single cylindrical fibers with transverse striations
Skeletal striated
69
Autonomic nervous system (involuntary)
Cardiac
70
Smooth muscle is
Involuntary (autonomic system
71
No striation, overlapping system
Smooth muscle
72
Muscles will only
Pull
73
Constant pull or tension of the muscle at rest
Tonic contraction
74
Active contraction of the muscle
Phasic contraction
75
Phasic contraction can either be
Isometric or isotonic
76
No movement/no change, holding water bottle
Isometric
77
Picking up water bottle to drink
Concentric
78
Putting water bottle down
Eccentric
79
Muscle strains occur when tensile force is ______ or _______ than the muscle contraction
Greater, faster
80
Small groups of fibers surrounded by connective tissue
Intrafusal fibers
81
Muscle tone is constant tension on _______
Muscle spindles
82
Muscle stretch initiates contraction response
Stretch reflex
83
Faster stretch faster response in
Healthy muscle tissues
84
Alpha and gamma fibers are always firing to control
Movement
85
Free nerve endings within the tendon and Myotendinous junction
Golgi tendon organs
86
Golgi tendon organs reacts to
Muscle tension
87
Golgi tendon organs
Patellar tendon reflex

Anatomy (16 decks)

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