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Medicine > Urogenital > Flashcards

Urogenital Flashcards

1
Q

What is the rate of cardiac output

A

5L/min

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2
Q

What is the rate of renal blood flow

A

1 L/min

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3
Q

What are the 3 components of the glomerulus filtration barrier

A

Endothelial cells
Glomerular basement membrane
Podocytes

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4
Q

What is the negatively charged layer on endothelial cells of glomerulus

A

Glycocalyx. Consists of negatively charged glycosaminoglycans

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5
Q

Impact of the endothelial cell layer

A
  • Fenestrations prevent RBCs from going through
  • Cells have a negative glycocolax layer which repels negatively charged molecules
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6
Q

What is the negatively charged layer on endothelial cells of glomerulus

A

Glycocalyx. Consists of negatively charged glycosaminoglycans

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7
Q

What does the basement membrane consist of

A

Type 4 collagen, heparan sulfate proteoglycans and laninin

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8
Q

What are the 3 layers of the basement membrane

A

lamina rara interna, lamina densa, lamina rara externa

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9
Q

Are the podocytes charged

A

Negatively charged glycoproteins repel large anions

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10
Q

D) Ultrafiltration

A

Filtration under pressure

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11
Q

What determines the rate of ultrafiltration of a molecule

A

Size + charge of molecule, pressure, rate of blood flow, binding of molecule to plasma proteins

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12
Q

Can albumin pass through the glomerular capsule

A

No, molecular weight of 66kD (large) and is negatively charged

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13
Q

Is the efferent or afferent arteriole more constricted

A

Efferent arteriole (exit)

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14
Q

How is renal blood flow (GFR) regulated

A

1) Myogenic
2) Tubuloglomerular feedback

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15
Q

How does tubuloglomerular feedback work

A
  • Arterial blood pressure decreases
  • The filtration rate deceeases
  • The rate at which NaCl is delivered to the macular densa (distal tubule) decreases
  • Macular densa release prostaglandins which act on granular cells causing renin release which increases BP
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16
Q

How does myogenic regulation work

A

1) Systemic pressure in afferent arterioles increases
2) Stretches blood vessel walls
3) Afferent arteriole constricts

17
Q

How is eGFR measured

A

The rate of excretion of a marker substance is recorded

18
Q

What are the features of marker substances

A

1) Freely filtered
2) Not absorbed or secreted in tubule
3) Not metabolised

19
Q

What marker substance is usually used to measure eGFR

A

usually creatine, inulin is gold standard

20
Q

What is an issue with using creatine for gfr

A

Creatine is also secreted by the tubules so can lead to an overestimation of GFR

21
Q

D) Renal clearance

A

The volume of plasma from which a substance is completely removed by the kidney/unit of time (usually a minute)

Medicine (15 decks)

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