Neuro Flashcards
Which cranial nerves act contralaterally
Trochlear nerve (CNIV) and Facial nerve (CNVII) is contralateral to the lower half of the face
What nerve supplies the nasal septum
CN V 1 ophthalmic
When do the opposite cranial nerves first come together
In the optic chiasm
Where does the optic radiation start
Lateral geniculate body (thalamus)
What is the path of the upper optic radiation
Carries fibres from the superior retinal quadrants (inferior visual field) through the parietal lobe to the visual cortex
What is the path of the lower optic radiation
Carries fibres from the upper retinal quadrants (superior visual field) through the temporal lobe ‘Meyers Loop’ to the visual cortex
What causes pupils to constrict in the pupillary light reflex
Afferent limb = CN II - Optic
Efferent limb = CN III - Occulomotor
What goes through the cavernous sinus
CN III, IV, Vi + ii, VI, and internal carotid
What cranial nerves include parasympathetic innervation
CN III, VII, IX, X
Occulomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus
What is the accessory nucleus of CN III called
Edinger - Westphal nucleus in the midbrain - constriction to bright light
What nerve can be affected by a middle ear infection
CN VII facial
What is the innervation of the upper face
CN VII. Half of the fibres decussate to the contralateral side. So the eyes and forehead receive innervation from both hemispheres
Symptoms of motor cortex lesions eg cerebral stroke
Contralateral facial weakness on the lower half of face. Upper half preserved due to dual facial nerve innervation
Symptoms of lesions on brainstem or after brainstem
Ipsilateral facial weakness in both upper and lower half
What nerves are involved in taste sensation
CN VII Facial = Anterior 2/3 of tongue
CN IX Glossopharyngeal = Posterior 1/3 of tongue
CN X Vagus = Epiglottis
Fame Gets Vain
What is the sympathetic innervation of the glands in the face
Superior cervical ganglion (C1- 4)
What is the parasympathetic innervation of the glands in the face
CN VII = lacrimal, mucous, submandibular, sublingual
CN IX = parotid
What can be a symptom of vestibulocochlear damage
Nystagmus
What can nerve can a tumour of the vestibulocochlear nerve affect?
Compression of CN VII (they run together via the internal acoustic miatus). Results in facial weakness
What nerve controls the gag reflex
Afferent fibres predominantly from CN IX - Glossopharyngeal
Efferent fibres by CN X - Vagus nerve
What nerve supplies motor innervation to the muscles of the tongue and pharynx
CN XII - Hypoglossal
What is the innervation of the pharynx muscles
CN X except the stylopharyngeus which is innervated by CN IX
What are the nuclei of the cranial nerves
Forebrain = Olfactory and optic
Spinal cord = Accessory ( 2 roots - cranial and spinal)
Brainstem = the rest
