The neck

Question 1

What is the platysma

Answer 1

Very thin sheet of muscle deep into the skin if the neck

Question 2

What is the function of the hyoid bone

Answer 2

keeps the pharynx open, attachment point for several muscles

Question 3

What is the larynx

Answer 3

voice box. structure of small cartilage

Question 4

What does the sternocleidomastoid separate

Answer 4

the anterior and posterior triangles in neck

Question 5

What is the sternocleidomastoid attached to

Answer 5

origin: sternum, clavicle
insertion: mastoid process (part of temporal bone)
- On both sides of neck

Question 6

What is the sternocleidomastoid innervated by

Answer 6

CN XI - accessory nerve

Question 7

What are the muscles in the anterior triangle

Answer 7

suprahyoid muscle + infrahyoid muscle

Question 8

What is the function of the suprahyoid muscles

Answer 8

Connect the hyoid to the skull. Move the hyoid and larynx for swallowing and speech

Question 9

What is the function of the infrahyoid muscles

Answer 9

Connect the hyoid to the sternum and scapula. Move the hyoid and larynx for swallowing and speech

Question 10

what is the CN of the facial nerve

Answer 10

CN VII

Question 11

What CN is the glossopharyngeal nerve

Answer 11

CN IX

Question 12

What CN is the vagus nerve

Answer 12

CN X

Question 13

What CN is the hypoglossal nerve

Answer 13

CN XII

Question 14

What is the ansa cervicalis

Answer 14

fibres from C1-3 which innervate the infrahyoid muscles

Question 15

What nerve(s) are contained in the anterior triangle

Answer 15

• facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus, hypoglossal nerve
  7,9,10,12
• ansa cervicalis

Question 16

What nerve(s) are contained in the posterior triangle

Answer 16

• accessory, phrenic nerve
• cervical plexus

Question 17

How many paired muscles make up the suprahyoid muscle and infrahyoid muscle

Answer 17

4 each

Question 18

What are the muscles of the infrahyoid muscles

Answer 18

sternohyoid + omohyoid - superficial
sternothyroid + thyrohyoid - deep

Question 19

Where are the thyroid and parathyroid glands located

Answer 19

in the anterior triangle

Question 20

What is the blood supply of the thyroid gland

Answer 20

l + r superior thyroid arteries - branch of external carotid

l + r inferior thyroid arteries - branch of thyrocervical, which is branch of subclavian

Question 21

What is the isthmus (thyroid)

Answer 21

bridge of tissue that crosses over the trachea to connect the left and right lobes of the thyroid

Question 22

How many parathyroid glands are there

Answer 22

4

Question 23

What is the blood supply of the parathyroid

Answer 23

l + r inferior thyroid arteries

Question 24

What do the l + r common carotid arteries branch into

Answer 24

the internal and external carotid artery

Question 25

What is the pulse in the neck caused by

Answer 25

the internal carotid artery

Question 26

What is the main difference between the internal and external carotid

Answer 26

the external carotid branches in the neck. the internal carotid does not

Question 27

What does the internal carotid supply

Answer 27

brain (including eyes)

Question 28

What does the external carotid supply

Answer 28

pharynx, scalp, thyroid gland, tongue, face

Question 29

What is the carotid sinus

Answer 29

swelling at the point of bifurcation of the common carotid artery. Contains baroreceptors

Question 30

What veins drain the head

Answer 30

internal jugular vein + external jugular vein. they unite with the subclavian vein to form the brachiocephalic vein --> superior vena cava

Question 31

What does the internal jugular do

Answer 31

drains the brain + part of face

Question 32

What does the external jugular do

Answer 32

drains the scalp + face

Question 33

What does the facial nerve innervate

Answer 33

platysma in neck

Question 34

what does the glossopharyngeal nerve innervate

Answer 34

pharynx and carotid sinus (baroreceptors)

Question 35

what does the vagus nerve innervate in the neck

Answer 35

pharynx and larynx

Question 36

What are the contents of the carotid sheath

Answer 36

common carotid artery, internal jugular vein, vagus nerve

Question 37

what does the accessory nerve innervate

Answer 37

sternocleidomastoid, trapezius muscles

Question 38

What does the hypoglossal nerve innervate

Answer 38

tongue

Question 39

Which nerves can be compressed by an enlarged thyroid gland

Answer 39

recurrent laryngeal nerves

Question 40

What is the pharynx

Answer 40

muscular tube in the neck comprised of nasopharynx, oropharnyx, laryngopharynx

Question 41

What are the walls of the pharynx composed of

Answer 41

- inner layer of longitudinal muscle - outer layer of circular muscle = superior, middle and inferior constrictors

Question 42

What does the soft palate do

Answer 42

it rises during swallowing to close of the nasopharynx from the oropharynx

Question 43

What is the epiglottis

Answer 43

cartilage of the larynx which stops food/drink from entering the larnyx

Question 44

How many cartilages make up the larynx

Answer 44

9. 3 are paired, 3 are unpaired

Question 45

What are the unpaired cartilage

Answer 45

epiglottis, thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage

Question 46

What type of cartilage makes up larynx

Answer 46

All hyaline apart from epiglottis which is elastic

Question 47

What forms adams apple

Answer 47

thyroid cartilage - laryngeal prominence

Question 48

What is the importance of the cricothyroid membrane

Answer 48

this membrane can be pierced in an emergency to create an airway

Question 49

What is the entrance to the larynx called

Answer 49

the laryngeal inlet

Question 50

What are the arytenoids

Answer 50

Paired larynx cartilage. Attached to vocal chords

Question 51

What causes the gag reflex

Answer 51

Mediated by glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves. Occurs when the posterior mouth/pharynx are touched

Question 52

What are the tonsils

Answer 52

Collection of lymphoid tissue in the upper part of the pharynx

Question 53

What are the 4 tonsils

Answer 53

Pharyngeal, tubal, palatine, lingual

Question 54

What tonsils are in the nasopharynx

Answer 54

Pharyngeal and tubal

Question 55

What tonsils are in the oropharynx

Answer 55

Palatine

Question 56

What tonsils are on the posterior of the tongue

Answer 56

lingual

Question 57

What is the difference between extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the larynx

Answer 57

Extrinsic muscles move the larynx as one -suprahyoid and infrahyoid Intrinsic muscles move individual cartilage

Question 58

What are the folds in the larynx

Answer 58

Vestibular folds and vocal folds

Question 59

What forms the vocal chords

Answer 59

vocal ligaments + vocal folds

Question 60

What is the rima glottidis

Answer 60

Gap between the true vocal chords

Question 61

What is the epithelium of the vocal folds

Answer 61

stratified squamous non-keratinised

Question 62

What are the salivary glands

Answer 62

Parotid, submandibular, sublingual

Question 63

What is the largest salivary gland

Answer 63

parotid

Question 64

What is secretion from the parotid gland stimulated by

Answer 64

glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 65

What is secretion from the submandibular and sublingual glands stimulated by

Answer 65

facial nerve