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Medicine > The neck > Flashcards

The neck Flashcards

1
Q

What is the platysma

A

Very thin sheet of muscle deep into the skin if the neck

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2
Q

What is the function of the hyoid bone

A

keeps the pharynx open, attachment point for several muscles

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3
Q

What is the larynx

A

voice box. structure of small cartilage

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4
Q

What does the sternocleidomastoid separate

A

the anterior and posterior triangles in neck

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5
Q

What is the sternocleidomastoid attached to

A

origin: sternum, clavicle
insertion: mastoid process (part of temporal bone)
- On both sides of neck

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6
Q

What is the sternocleidomastoid innervated by

A

CN XI - accessory nerve

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7
Q

What are the muscles in the anterior triangle

A

suprahyoid muscle + infrahyoid muscle

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8
Q

What is the function of the suprahyoid muscles

A

Connect the hyoid to the skull. Move the hyoid and larynx for swallowing and speech

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9
Q

What is the function of the infrahyoid muscles

A

Connect the hyoid to the sternum and scapula. Move the hyoid and larynx for swallowing and speech

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10
Q

what is the CN of the facial nerve

A

CN VII

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11
Q

What CN is the glossopharyngeal nerve

A

CN IX

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12
Q

What CN is the vagus nerve

A

CN X

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13
Q

What CN is the hypoglossal nerve

A

CN XII

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14
Q

What is the ansa cervicalis

A

fibres from C1-3 which innervate the infrahyoid muscles

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15
Q

What nerve(s) are contained in the anterior triangle

A
  • facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus, hypoglossal nerve
    7,9,10,12
  • ansa cervicalis
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16
Q

What nerve(s) are contained in the posterior triangle

A
  • accessory, phrenic nerve
  • cervical plexus
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17
Q

How many paired muscles make up the suprahyoid muscle and infrahyoid muscle

A

4 each

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18
Q

What are the muscles of the infrahyoid muscles

A

sternohyoid + omohyoid - superficial
sternothyroid + thyrohyoid - deep

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19
Q

Where are the thyroid and parathyroid glands located

A

in the anterior triangle

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20
Q

What is the blood supply of the thyroid gland

A

l + r superior thyroid arteries - branch of external carotid

l + r inferior thyroid arteries - branch of thyrocervical, which is branch of subclavian

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21
Q

What is the isthmus (thyroid)

A

bridge of tissue that crosses over the trachea to connect the left and right lobes of the thyroid

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22
Q

How many parathyroid glands are there

A

4

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23
Q

What is the blood supply of the parathyroid

A

l + r inferior thyroid arteries

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24
Q

What do the l + r common carotid arteries branch into

A

the internal and external carotid artery

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25
Q

What is the pulse in the neck caused by

A

the internal carotid artery

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26
Q

What is the main difference between the internal and external carotid

A

the external carotid branches in the neck. the internal carotid does not

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27
Q

What does the internal carotid supply

A

brain (including eyes)

28
Q

What does the external carotid supply

A

pharynx, scalp, thyroid gland, tongue, face

29
Q

What is the carotid sinus

A

swelling at the point of bifurcation of the common carotid artery. Contains baroreceptors

30
Q

What veins drain the head

A

internal jugular vein + external jugular vein. they unite with the subclavian vein to form the brachiocephalic vein –> superior vena cava

31
Q

What does the internal jugular do

A

drains the brain + part of face

32
Q

What does the external jugular do

A

drains the scalp + face

33
Q

What does the facial nerve innervate

A

platysma in neck

34
Q

what does the glossopharyngeal nerve innervate

A

pharynx and carotid sinus (baroreceptors)

35
Q

what does the vagus nerve innervate in the neck

A

pharynx and larynx

36
Q

What are the contents of the carotid sheath

A

common carotid artery, internal jugular vein, vagus nerve

37
Q

what does the accessory nerve innervate

A

sternocleidomastoid, trapezius muscles

38
Q

What does the hypoglossal nerve innervate

A

tongue

39
Q

Which nerves can be compressed by an enlarged thyroid gland

A

recurrent laryngeal nerves

40
Q

What is the pharynx

A

muscular tube in the neck comprised of nasopharynx, oropharnyx, laryngopharynx

41
Q

What are the walls of the pharynx composed of

A
  • inner layer of longitudinal muscle
  • outer layer of circular muscle = superior, middle and inferior constrictors
42
Q

What does the soft palate do

A

it rises during swallowing to close of the nasopharynx from the oropharynx

43
Q

What is the epiglottis

A

cartilage of the larynx which stops food/drink from entering the larnyx

44
Q

How many cartilages make up the larynx

A
  1. 3 are paired, 3 are unpaired
45
Q

What are the unpaired cartilage

A

epiglottis, thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage

46
Q

What type of cartilage makes up larynx

A

All hyaline apart from epiglottis which is elastic

47
Q

What forms adams apple

A

thyroid cartilage - laryngeal prominence

48
Q

What is the importance of the cricothyroid membrane

A

this membrane can be pierced in an emergency to create an airway

49
Q

What is the entrance to the larynx called

A

the laryngeal inlet

50
Q

What are the arytenoids

A

Paired larynx cartilage. Attached to vocal chords

51
Q

What causes the gag reflex

A

Mediated by glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves. Occurs when the posterior mouth/pharynx are touched

52
Q

What are the tonsils

A

Collection of lymphoid tissue in the upper part of the pharynx

53
Q

What are the 4 tonsils

A

Pharyngeal, tubal, palatine, lingual

54
Q

What tonsils are in the nasopharynx

A

Pharyngeal and tubal

55
Q

What tonsils are in the oropharynx

A

Palatine

56
Q

What tonsils are on the posterior of the tongue

A

lingual

57
Q

What is the difference between extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the larynx

A

Extrinsic muscles move the larynx as one -suprahyoid and infrahyoid
Intrinsic muscles move individual cartilage

58
Q

What are the folds in the larynx

A

Vestibular folds and vocal folds

59
Q

What forms the vocal chords

A

vocal ligaments + vocal folds

60
Q

What is the rima glottidis

A

Gap between the true vocal chords

61
Q

What is the epithelium of the vocal folds

A

stratified squamous non-keratinised

62
Q

What are the salivary glands

A

Parotid, submandibular, sublingual

63
Q

What is the largest salivary gland

A

parotid

64
Q

What is secretion from the parotid gland stimulated by

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

65
Q

What is secretion from the submandibular and sublingual glands stimulated by

A

facial nerve

Medicine (15 decks)

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