urininalysis

Question 0

What should be recorded in the medical record and report

Answer 0

Method of collection

Question 1

What can urine be stored in

Answer 1

Red top tube or UA container

Question 2

How soon should the sample be analyzed

Answer 2

30-60 min

Question 3

How long can urine be refrigerated

Answer 3

6-12 hours

Question 4

What may happen in over refrigerated urine

Answer 4

Affects USG and crystals may form

Question 5

What should be done before evaluation on cold urine

Answer 5

Warmed to room temp and mixed gently

Question 6

What should be done for cytological evaluation

Answer 6

Centrifuged ASAP

Question 7

What is affected in cytological evaluation if not done correctly

Answer 7

Decrease in glucose and bilirubin

Question 8

What forms a top layer on urine

Answer 8

Toluene

Question 9

What can interfere with chemical tests

Answer 9

4% formalin - 1gtt/30ml

Question 10

What is a 1:9 ratio

Answer 10

5% phenol

Question 11

What do clients often confuse when asked about bathroom habits

Answer 11

Polyuria and oliguria. Ask amount

Question 12

What can cause oliguria

Answer 12

Renal failure or PU/PD

Question 13

What is normal output for dog and cat

Answer 13

20-40 ml/kg

Question 14

What colors are normal

Answer 14

Straw, yellow, pale yellow, amber

Question 15

What color indicates normal/high concentration

Answer 15

Dark yellow

Question 16

What color indicates renal dz

Answer 16

Colorless

Question 17

What color indicates bile pigments

Answer 17

Dark yellow/bright green

Question 18

What color indicates blood

Answer 18

Bright red

Question 19

What color indicates hematuria/hemaglobinuria

Answer 19

Reddish brown

Question 20

What color indicates myoglobin

Answer 20

Brown

Question 21

What color indicates drugs

Answer 21

Orange

Question 22

Celerity of fresh urine

Answer 22

Clear/slightly cloudy

Question 23

What causes cloudy urine

Answer 23

Bacteria

Question 24

What causes oily urine

Answer 24

Lipiduria

Question 25

What causes foamy urine

Answer 25

Increased protein

Question 26

What causes yellow foamy urine

Answer 26

Bilirubin

Question 27

What causes ammonia urine

Answer 27

Bacteria

Question 28

What causes sweet urine

Answer 28

Bacteria, cystitis, diabetes

Question 29

What causes fruity urine

Answer 29

Bacteria or diabetes

Question 30

What does USG assess

Answer 30

Ability to concentrate urine

Question 31

What is USG compared to

Answer 31

Distiller water

Question 32

Dog USG

Answer 32

1.018-1.045

Question 33

Cat USG

Answer 33

1.020-1.040

Question 34

What does high USG mean

Answer 34

Fluid loss, shock, acute renal dz

Question 35

What does low USG mean

Answer 35

Polydipsia, diabetes insipidus, liver dz, renal dz

Question 36

When is isosthenuria seen

Answer 36

Renal dz

Question 37

T or F: dipstick test is reliable

Answer 37

False

Question 38

What should be done with hematuria urine for dipstick test

Answer 38

Centrifuges and use supernate

Question 39

Normal dog pH

Answer 39

5.5-6.8

Question 40

Normal cat pH

Answer 40

6-7

Question 41

What urine pH do herbivores have

Answer 41

Alkaline

Question 42

What test is sensitive to albumin

Answer 42

Protein

Question 43

Normal protein

Answer 43

Trace/none

Question 44

What does 2+ protein indicate

Answer 44

Significant proteinuria

Question 45

Causes of proteinuria

Answer 45

UTI, glomular dz, hematuria

Question 46

What can cause positive protein

Answer 46

Diet, exercise, renal dz, tumor, trauma

Question 47

What can cause false positive protein

Answer 47

Alkaline urine, contact time, detergents

Question 48

Normal glucose

Answer 48

None

Question 49

When does glycosuria exist

Answer 49

When blood glucose levels exceed renal absorption

Question 50

Dog glucose

Answer 50

180-200

Question 51

Feline glucose

Answer 51

280

Question 52

Equine glucose

Answer 52

160-200

Question 53

Bovine glucose

Answer 53

100-140

Question 54

When can false negative glucose happen

Answer 54

Increase ascorbic acid(vit. C) or drugs

Question 55

What causes persistent hyperglycemia

Answer 55

Diabetes mellitus, hyperadrenocorticism

Question 56

What causes transient hyperglycemia

Answer 56

Stress, pancreatitis, 1-2 hrs post meal

Question 57

What are ketones

Answer 57

Excess acetyl coaline from fatty acids in liver

Question 58

Normal ketones

Answer 58

None

Question 59

What is the cause of ketones

Answer 59

Unregulated diabetes mellitus, toxemia in sheep, lactating cows, starvation

Question 60

What shades indicate bilirubin on dipsticks

Answer 60

Beige

Question 61

Normal bilirubin

Answer 61

None

Question 62

Positive bilirubin due to

Answer 62

Low renal threshold, hepatobilary dz, intra vascular hemolysis

Question 63

What causes False negative bilirubin

Answer 63

Aged urine, UV exposure, high vitamin C

Question 64

What is the least useful dipstick test

Answer 64

Urobilinogen

Question 65

Normal urobilinogen

Answer 65

Trace

Question 66

What causes increased urobilinogen

Answer 66

Liver dz, hyperbilrubinemia

Question 67

What is derived from diet

Answer 67

Nitrate

Question 68

What converts nitrate to nitrite

Answer 68

Gram (-) bacteria

Question 69

Normal nitrate

Answer 69

Trace

Question 70

Normal blood

Answer 70

None

Question 71

Hematuria supernate color

Answer 71

Clear

Question 72

Hemoglobinura supernate color

Answer 72

Red/orange

Question 73

When will an animal have low HCT/PCV

Answer 73

Hemoglobinura

Question 74

What can cause RBC'S to lyse

Answer 74

Very dilute, alkaline, or old urine

Question 75

Normal WBC

Answer 75

None

Question 76

When is it normal to see large amounts of sediment

Answer 76

Horse and rabbit urine

Question 77

What might stain produce

Answer 77

Artiface

Question 78

What is the choice stain

Answer 78

Sternheimer-malbin

Question 79

What is a secondary stain

Answer 79

0.5% new methylene blue