abdominal and thoracic fluid effusions

Question 1

what is a peural effusion

Answer 1

fluid accumulation in the chest cavity

Question 2

what is pleural effusion AKA

Answer 2

drowning

Question 3

what is abdominal effusion

Answer 3

fluid accumulation in abdominal cavity

Question 4

what is a red top tube used for

Answer 4

biochemical analysis of cholestorol and triglycerides

Question 5

what is a culture tube used for

Answer 5

microbiological cultures

Question 6

slide preparation of a non turbid fluid

Answer 6

centrifuge for 5 min @ 1000-1500rpm; linear or squash

Question 7

slide preparation of a low cellular fluid

Answer 7

linear smear

Question 8

slide preparation of a opaque fluid

Answer 8

direct (roll) smear due to high cell concentration

Question 9

what is used to classify effusions

Answer 9

TP, SG, and TNCC

Question 10

normal fluid transparency

Answer 10

clear to slightly turbid

Question 11

normal fluid color

Answer 11

colorless to straw yellow

Question 12

normal fluid TP

Answer 12

<2.5 g/dl

Question 13

normal fluid SG

Answer 13

<1.015

Question 14

normal fluid TNCC

Answer 14

less than 10,000/ul (AVG: 2000-6000/ul)

Question 15

what is the most prodominant cell in effusions

Answer 15

neutrophils

Question 16

what is a transudate

Answer 16

fluids from a non inflammatory orgin

Question 17

transudate AKA

Answer 17

asceitic effusion

Question 18

transudate causes

Answer 18

hypoalbuminemia, renal glomerular disease, hepatic insufficiency, uroperitoneum

Question 19

transudate colory

Answer 19

colorless

Question 20

transudate turbidity

Answer 20

clear

Question 21

transudate SG

Answer 21

<1.103

Question 22

transudate TP

Answer 22

<3.0 g/dl

Question 23

transudate TNCC

Answer 23

<1,500 cells/ul

Question 24

what results from lymphatic fluid leaks

Answer 24

modified transudates

Question 25

causes of modified transudates

Answer 25

FIP, Chylous effusion, lymphatic fluid, cardiovascular disease, ruptured bladder

Question 26

does a modified transudate clot

Answer 26

sometimes

Question 27

modified transudate color

Answer 27

amber, red, white, mil white, yellow

Question 28

modified transudates turbidity

Answer 28

clear to slightly turbid

Question 29

modified transudate SG

Answer 29

variable

Question 30

modified transudate TP

Answer 30

2.5-7.5 g/dl

Question 31

modified transudate TNCC

Answer 31

1000-7000/ul

Question 32

mos common cause of modified transudates

Answer 32

abdominal or plural effusion

Question 33

when does eudate most commonly occur

Answer 33

due to inflammation

Question 34

causes of exudates

Answer 34

inflammation, infection

Question 35

what is a septic infection

Answer 35

bacteria and degenerative neutrophils present

Question 36

what is a non-septic infection

Answer 36

absence of bacteria

Question 37

exudate color

Answer 37

amber, white, red

Question 38

exudate turbidity

Answer 38

cloudy

Question 39

exudate SG

Answer 39

>1.018

Question 40

exudate TP

Answer 40

>3 g/dl

Question 41

exudate TNCC

Answer 41

>5000-7000/ul

Question 42

what is peritonitis

Answer 42

inflammation of the abdominal cavity

Question 43

what does increased capillary permeability lead to

Answer 43

increase in neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, increased protein

Question 44

causes of infectious peritonitis or pleuritis

Answer 44

bacterial infections(most common), fungal protozoan and rickettsial infections, viral infections(FIP), neoplasia

Question 45

what causes FIP

Answer 45

corona virus

Question 46

FIP mortality rate

Answer 46

close to 100%

Question 47

describe FIP fluid

Answer 47

odorless, straw to golden, tenacious with possible fibrin, clots when exposed to air

Question 48

describe the neutrophils seen in uroperitoneum

Answer 48

raised nuclear borders with occasional crystals in the effusion as wall

Question 49

how often do cats develop pericardial effusions from CHF

Answer 49

28%

Question 50

how often do cats develop pericardial effusions from FIP

Answer 50

17%

Question 51

define chyle

Answer 51

triglyceride rich lipoproteins from the intestines after ingestion of food containing lipids

Question 52

what are important tests in chylous effusion

Answer 52

triglycerides and cholestorol

Question 53

what causes the chyles milky white color

Answer 53

triglycerides and high fat content

Question 54

causes of chylous effusions

Answer 54

ruptured thoracic duct, cardiovascular disease, lymphoma, trauma, HW disease

Question 55

when is pseudochylous effusion seen

Answer 55

in heart disease

Question 56

what is seen in exudates

Answer 56

bacteria, small lymphocytes, predominate nondegenerative neutrophils

Question 57

what is seen in modified transudates

Answer 57

neoplastic cells

Question 58

what is a neoplastic cell

Answer 58

an epithelial cell