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abdominal and thoracic fluid effusions Flashcards

1
Q

what is a peural effusion

A

fluid accumulation in the chest cavity

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2
Q

what is pleural effusion AKA

A

drowning

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3
Q

what is abdominal effusion

A

fluid accumulation in abdominal cavity

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4
Q

what is a red top tube used for

A

biochemical analysis of cholestorol and triglycerides

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5
Q

what is a culture tube used for

A

microbiological cultures

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6
Q

slide preparation of a non turbid fluid

A

centrifuge for 5 min @ 1000-1500rpm; linear or squash

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7
Q

slide preparation of a low cellular fluid

A

linear smear

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8
Q

slide preparation of a opaque fluid

A

direct (roll) smear due to high cell concentration

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9
Q

what is used to classify effusions

A

TP, SG, and TNCC

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10
Q

normal fluid transparency

A

clear to slightly turbid

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11
Q

normal fluid color

A

colorless to straw yellow

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12
Q

normal fluid TP

A

<2.5 g/dl

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13
Q

normal fluid SG

A

<1.015

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14
Q

normal fluid TNCC

A

less than 10,000/ul (AVG: 2000-6000/ul)

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15
Q

what is the most prodominant cell in effusions

A

neutrophils

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16
Q

what is a transudate

A

fluids from a non inflammatory orgin

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17
Q

transudate AKA

A

asceitic effusion

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18
Q

transudate causes

A

hypoalbuminemia, renal glomerular disease, hepatic insufficiency, uroperitoneum

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19
Q

transudate colory

A

colorless

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20
Q

transudate turbidity

A

clear

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21
Q

transudate SG

A

<1.103

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22
Q

transudate TP

A

<3.0 g/dl

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23
Q

transudate TNCC

A

<1,500 cells/ul

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24
Q

what results from lymphatic fluid leaks

A

modified transudates

25
Q

causes of modified transudates

A

FIP, Chylous effusion, lymphatic fluid, cardiovascular disease, ruptured bladder

26
Q

does a modified transudate clot

27
Q

modified transudate color

A

amber, red, white, mil white, yellow

28
Q

modified transudates turbidity

A

clear to slightly turbid

29
Q

modified transudate SG

30
Q

modified transudate TP

A

2.5-7.5 g/dl

31
Q

modified transudate TNCC

A

1000-7000/ul

32
Q

mos common cause of modified transudates

A

abdominal or plural effusion

33
Q

when does eudate most commonly occur

A

due to inflammation

34
Q

causes of exudates

A

inflammation, infection

35
Q

what is a septic infection

A

bacteria and degenerative neutrophils present

36
Q

what is a non-septic infection

A

absence of bacteria

37
Q

exudate color

A

amber, white, red

38
Q

exudate turbidity

39
Q

exudate SG

40
Q

exudate TP

41
Q

exudate TNCC

A

> 5000-7000/ul

42
Q

what is peritonitis

A

inflammation of the abdominal cavity

43
Q

what does increased capillary permeability lead to

A

increase in neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, increased protein

44
Q

causes of infectious peritonitis or pleuritis

A

bacterial infections(most common), fungal protozoan and rickettsial infections, viral infections(FIP), neoplasia

45
Q

what causes FIP

A

corona virus

46
Q

FIP mortality rate

A

close to 100%

47
Q

describe FIP fluid

A

odorless, straw to golden, tenacious with possible fibrin, clots when exposed to air

48
Q

describe the neutrophils seen in uroperitoneum

A

raised nuclear borders with occasional crystals in the effusion as wall

49
Q

how often do cats develop pericardial effusions from CHF

50
Q

how often do cats develop pericardial effusions from FIP

51
Q

define chyle

A

triglyceride rich lipoproteins from the intestines after ingestion of food containing lipids

52
Q

what are important tests in chylous effusion

A

triglycerides and cholestorol

53
Q

what causes the chyles milky white color

A

triglycerides and high fat content

54
Q

causes of chylous effusions

A

ruptured thoracic duct, cardiovascular disease, lymphoma, trauma, HW disease

55
Q

when is pseudochylous effusion seen

A

in heart disease

56
Q

what is seen in exudates

A

bacteria, small lymphocytes, predominate nondegenerative neutrophils

57
Q

what is seen in modified transudates

A

neoplastic cells

58
Q

what is a neoplastic cell

A

an epithelial cell

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