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microbiology 1 Flashcards

1
Q

the study of unicellular organisms

A

microbiology

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2
Q

what organisms does microbiology consist of

A

bacteria, viruses, and fungi

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3
Q

how long is bacteria

A

0.5-5 microns

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4
Q

what stain is used in microbiology

A

gram +

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5
Q

what is bacteria classified by

A

genus and species

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6
Q

what is bacteria named for (2 major)

A

color and shape

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7
Q

how else can bacteria be named

A

referance to discovery location, discoverer, or infection caused

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8
Q

ridged outer layer of bacteria cell; gives shape and protection

A

cell wall

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9
Q

what organism lacks a cell wall

A

mycoplasma

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10
Q

selectivly semi-permiable bacteria structure

A

cell membrane

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11
Q

bacteria structure that contains life sustaining nutrients

A

cytoplasm

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12
Q

bacteria structure used for cell devision

A

mesosomes

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13
Q

gelatenous covering around the outside of the bacteria cell; causes it to be anti-phagocytic

A

capsules

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14
Q

whip-like bacteria structure used for locomotion

A

flagella

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15
Q

bacteria structure used to facilitate adhearance of bacteria to mucus membranes

A

pilli or fimbiria

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16
Q

bacterial stage to cause resistance

A

spores/ endospores

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17
Q

what bacterial structure stage can survive pasteurization

A

spores/ endospores

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18
Q

what occurs when bacteria are in an unfavorable location

A

spores/ endospores

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19
Q

bacteria source of energy

A

carbon and nitrogen

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20
Q

how does bacteria aquire nitrogen

A

protein matabolizm

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21
Q

what % water does bacteria require

A

7-10

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22
Q

what pH does bacteria require

A

7-7.5

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23
Q

what temp. does bacteria require

A

35-37 C

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24
Q

at what temp do nearly all pathogenic bacteria to animals grow

A

20-40 C

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25
Q

asexual reproduction

A

binary fission

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26
Q

able to grow well in the presence of oxygen; must have oxygen

A

aerobic

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27
Q

cant grow in the presence of oxygen; grow through fermentation

A

anaerobic

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28
Q

what oxygen tolerance has an odor

A

anaerobic

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29
Q

can grow with or without oxygen

A

facultative

30
Q

grows best in small amounts of oxygen with increased amounts of carbon dioxide

A

microaerophilic

31
Q

mesophilic bacteria

A

pathogenic 20-40 C

32
Q

psychrophiles

A

cold loving 0-30 C

33
Q

thermophiles

A

heat loving 40-80 C

34
Q

define ubiquitous

A

everywhere

35
Q

what can E. coli in the bladder cause

36
Q

where is normal flora found (4)

A

GI, trachea & bronchi, skin, urinary tract

37
Q

what vitamin does normal flora produce

38
Q

how does normal flora prevent disease

A

microbial antagonism

39
Q

normally do not produce disease but can under certain circumstances if found in an unusual location

A

opportunistic pathogen

40
Q

never normal flora; if present in/on an animal, will cause disease

A

obligate pathogen

41
Q

bacteria invade the tissue, destroy cells, and cause disease

A

tissue invasion

42
Q

what are the 2 types of toxin producers

A

exotoxins and endotoxins

43
Q

produce toxin in the cell wall and secrete toxin into the host

44
Q

what toxin producer causes the cell to die

45
Q

produce toxin in the cell wall and causes the cell wall to rupture

A

endotoxins

46
Q

botulism and tetnus are examples of _____

47
Q

e. coli, salmonella, and bordatella are examples of _____

A

endotoxins

48
Q

examples of indirect transmission

A

resp. route or ingestion

49
Q

fomite route of transmission

A

inanimate object

50
Q

parenteral route of transmission

A

transfusions

51
Q

competes with pathogens for sites of attatchment

A

normal flora

52
Q

barrier to repel invaders

A

intact skin

53
Q

trap bacteria making them easier to be phagatosized

A

mucous membranes

54
Q

B and T cells cause what

A

immune response

55
Q

to obtain a sample from a patient that is representative of the disease process

A

specimen collection goal

56
Q

sample collected ASAP after death and prior to administration of antibioics

A

optimal time

57
Q

sample representitive of the whole

58
Q

how much tissue should be collected for a sample

A

more that 3 square cm

59
Q

how much body fluid should be obtained for a sample

A

more that 1 mL

60
Q

what is a sterile swab used to collect

A

urine cultures

61
Q

swab transport system that has a medium at the bottom

A

culturette

62
Q

culturette aka

63
Q

what are non sterile swabs used to collect

A

skin, mucus membranes, abssess

64
Q

when is it best to collect blood samples

A

temp spike

65
Q

difficult to culture due to low bacteria level

66
Q

how often should blood be drawn for collection

A

every 2 hours

67
Q

usually preformed if bacteria and wbc are seen after spinal tap culture

68
Q

determine bacterial arthritis

A

synovial fluid

69
Q

obtained in necropsy or surgery and stored in 10% formalin

70
Q

what are endotoxins usually a product of

A

gram - bacteria

Lab (10 decks)

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