cell types and tumors Flashcards
what does romanowsky stain not stain well
bone marrow, mast cells, lymphnode samples
what is the perfered fixative of romanowski stain
95% methanol
how long should sample remain in methanol fixative
2-5 minutes
what can cause excessive blue
prolong contact, inadequit wash, too thick, too alkaline, formalin exposure, delayed fixation
what can cause excessive pink
prolong wash, insufficient contact time, acidic stain, placing cover slip before dry
what can cause inadequate stained nucleated cells
insufficient contact time, old stain
what can cause uneven staining
variations of pH or water on slide
what can cause precipitate
inadequate washing, filtration of stain, dirty slides, old stain
what does NMB not stain well
cytoplasm, eosinophilic granules, RBCs
what is NMB used to stain
nuclear detail (WBC), infectious agents, platelets, bacteria, fugi, yeast, mast cell granules
explain normal neutrophil
3-5 lobes, light blue cytoplasm
explain degenerative neutrophils
hyper-segmented, condensed nucleus, loss of nuclear mem.
explain plasma cells
oval cells with odd shaped nucleus, basophilic cytoplasm, and perinuclear clear zone
explain macrophages
large cell dirived from monocytes, located in tissue, lacy chromatin, vacules
explain mesothelial cells
round with round/oval nucleous, may react to fluid, resemble macrophages
explain mast cells
round/oval with numerous round purple granules, contain histamine and heprin
what is an inflammation indicator
TNCC > 5000/ul
explain purulent inflammation
85% neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes; acute inflammation or bacteria
explain pyogranulomatous inflammation
50% macrophages, 75% neutrophils; paracitic or fungal infection
in pyogranulomatous inflammation what happens as inflammation decreases
so do neutrophil #s
explain granulomatous inflammation
70% monocytes, macrophages, giant cells; few neutrophils; chronic
explain eosinophilic inflammation
> 10% eosinophils; mast cells, plasma cells, lymphocytes possible; paracitic or neoplastic disorders
what are neoplastic lesions associated with
inflammation
list some benign characteristics
homogenous, slow growing, do not spread, not harmful, can cause secondary issues
list some malignant characteristics
aggressive, quick growing, metastasize, cancerous
malignant nuclear changes
variable N:C ratio, multinucleation, vacuoles in cytoplasm, irregular borders
malignant epithelial cells AKA
carcinoma or adenocarcinoma
malignant mesenchymal cells AKA
sarcoma
malignant discrete round cells AKA
round cell tumor
where are venereal tumors and melanoma normally found
genitalia and transmitted through mateing
explain lipoma
fatty cells, occurs anywhere, freely moble, variable shape and size, 8 years and older
explain epithelial tumors
form covering most internal surfaces of body and skin
epithelial tumor shape
round to caudate
do epithelial tumor cells clump or cluster
yes
what do epithelial tumors have the ability to do
metastasis
explain mesenchymal tumors
tumor arising from connective tissue
mesenchymal tumors size
small to medium
mesenchymal tumors shape
spindle to stellate (star)
do mesenchymal tumors clump or cluster
no
mesenchymal tumor cellularity
low
descrete round cell tumor size
small to med
descrete round cell tumor shape
round to oval
descrete round cell tumor cellularity
high
common forms of descrete round cell tumor
lymphosarcoma, mast cell tumor, histiocytoma
what are the inflammation cells
basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages, sometimes lymphocytes
inflammation with few neutrophils
granulomatosis
