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MLSP112 > URINE COLLECTION > Flashcards

URINE COLLECTION Flashcards

1
Q

Reasons for rejecting urine specimen

A

o Specimens in unlabeled containers
o Nonmatching labels and requisition forms
o Specimens contaminated with feces or toilet paper Containers with contaminated exteriors
o Specimens of insufficient quantity
o Specimens that have been improperly transported

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2
Q

Specimens should be delivered to the laboratory promptly and tested within

A

2 hours

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3
Q

A specimen that cannot be delivered and tested within 2 hours should be

A

refrigerated or have an appropriate chemical preservative added

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4
Q

NORMAL URINE COLOR

A

o Pale yellow
o yellow
o dark yellow
o amber

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5
Q

presence of the abnormal pigment bilirubin.

A

Dark Yellow or amber

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6
Q

-orange administration of phenazopyridine (Pyridium) or azogantrisin compounds to persons with urinary tract infections.

A

Yellow

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7
Q

presence of blood

A

Red

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8
Q

glomerular bleeding

A

Brown Urine Containing Blood

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9
Q

melanin or homogentisic acid, levodopa, methyldopa, phenol derivatives, and metronidazole (Flagyl).

A

Brown or black

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10
Q

bacterial infections, including urinary tract infection by
Pseudomonas species and intestinal tract infections resulting in increased urinary indican,

A

Blue/green

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11
Q

Normal

A

Aromatic

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12
Q

Bacterial decomposition urinary tract infection
Fruity, Sweet

A

Foul, Ammonia-like

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13
Q

Ketones ( diabetes mellitus, starvation, vomiting )

A

Fruity, Sweet

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14
Q

Maple syrup urine disease

A

Maple Syrup

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15
Q

Phenylketonuria

A

Mousy

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16
Q

Tyrosinemia

A

Rancid

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17
Q

Isovaleric Academia

A

Sweaty feet

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18
Q

Methionine malabsorption

A

Cabbage

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19
Q

Contamination

A

Bleach

20
Q

Consist of chemical-impregnated absorbent pads attached to a plastic strip.

A

Reagent Strips

21
Q

Care of Reagent Strips

A
  1. Store with desiccant in an opaque, tightly closed container.
  2. Store below 30C; do not freeze.
  3. Do not expose to volatile fumes.
  4. Do not use past the expiration date.
  5. Do not use if chemical pads become discolored.
  6. Remove strips immediately prior to use
22
Q

Aid in determining the existence of systemic acid-base disorders of metabolic or respiratory origin and in the management of urinary conditions that require the urine to
be maintained

A

PH

23
Q

slightly acidic ph of 5.0 to 6.0

A

First morning specimen

24
Q

4.5 to 8.0.

A

Normal random samples

25
Q

Reagents:

A

 methyl red
 bromthymol blue

26
Q

Most indicative of renal disease

A

PROTEIN

27
Q

<10 mg/dL or 100 mg per 24 hours

A

Normal urine

28
Q

≥30 mg/dL (300 mg/L)

A

Clinical proteinuria

29
Q

 Highly buffered alkaline urine
 Pigmented specimens
 Phenazopyridine
 Quaternary ammonium compounds (deterg at::
 Antiseptics
 Chlorhexidine
 Loss of buffer from prolonged exposure of the reagent strip to the specimen
 High specific gravity

A

False-positive:

30
Q

 Proteins other than albumin
 Microalbuminuria

A

False Negative

31
Q

o Most frequent chemical analysis performed on urine.
o Detection and monitoring of diabetes mellitus

A

GLUCOSE

32
Q

Contamination by oxidizing agents and detergents

A

False-positive

33
Q

 High levels of ascorbic acid
 High levels of ketones
 High specific gravity
 Low temperatures
 Improperly preserved specimens

A

False-negative

34
Q

Represents three intermediate products of fat metabolism

A

KETONES

35
Q

intermediate products of fat metabolism:

A

 Acetone
 acetoacetic acid
 beta-hydroxybutyric acid.

36
Q

 shows a deficiency in insulin, indicating the need to regulate dosage.
 It is often an early indicator of insufficient insulin dosage in type 1 diabetes and in patients with diabetes who experience medical problems in addition to diabetes

A

Ketonuria

37
Q
  1. Diabetic acidosis
  2. Insulin dosage monitoring
  3. Starvation
  4. Malabsorption/pancreatic disorders
  5. Strenuous exercise
  6. Vomiting
  7. Inborn errors of amino acid metabolism
A

Clinical Significance KETONES

38
Q

May be present in the urine either in the form of intact red
blood cells (hematuria) or as the product of red blood cell
destruction, hemoglobin (hemoglobinuria).

A

BLOOD

39
Q

 Strong oxidizing agents
 Bacterial peroxidases
 Menstrual contamination

A

False-positive

40
Q

 High specific gravity/ crenated cells
 Formalin
 Captopril
 High concentrations of nitrite
 Ascorbic acid 25 mg/dL
 Unmixed specimens

A

False-negative

41
Q

o An early indication of liver disease.
o Often detected long before the development of jaundice

A

BILIRUBIN

42
Q

BILIRUBIN Clinical Significance

A
  1. Hepatitis
  2. Cirrhosis
  3. Other liver disorders
  4. Biliary obstruction (gallstones, carcinoma)
43
Q
  1. Respiratory or metabolic acidosis/ketosis
  2. Respiratory or metabolic alkalosis
  3. Defects in renal tubular secretion and reabsorption of acids and bases-renal tubular acidosis
  4. Renal calculi formation
  5. Treatment of urinary tract infections
  6. Precipitation/identification of crystals
  7. Determination of unsatisfactory specimens
A

Clinical Significance of Urine pH

44
Q

o Circulates in the blood en route to the liver, it passes through the kidney and is filtered by the glomerulus.
o Normal value: <1 mg/dl or ehrlich
o Increased urine urobilinogen (greater than 1 mg/dl) is seen in liver disease and hemolytic disorders.
o Measurement of urine urobilinogen can be valuable in the detection of early liver disease

A

UROBILINOGEN

45
Q
  1. Early detection of liver disease
  2. Liver disorders, hepatitis, cirrhosis, carcinoma
  3. Hemolytic disorder
A

UROBILINOGEN Clinical Significance

46
Q

o More standardized means for the detection of leukocytes.
o Infections caused by trichomonas, chlamydia, yeast, and
inflammation of renal tissues (i.E., Interstitial nephritis) produce leukocyturia without bacteriuria.

A

LEUKOCYTE ESTERASE

MLSP112 (11 decks)

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