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MLSP112 > MIDTERMS > Flashcards

MIDTERMS Flashcards

1
Q
  • To evaluate fertility and post vasectomy procedures
  • Abstain from sexual activity for 3 days and not longer than 5 days before collecting the sample
  • Collected at the laboratory in a warm sterile container
A

SEMEN

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2
Q
  • Surrounds the brain and spinal cord to supply nutrients to the nervous tissue
A

CEREBROSPINAL FLUID (CSF)

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3
Q
  • “Joint fluid”
  • Clear, paleyellow, viscous fluid that lubricates and decreases friction in movable joint
A

SYNOVIAL FLUID

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4
Q

Pale-yellow, watery, serum-like fluid found between the double-layered membranes enclosing the pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities digestive organs; expand with our damaging each other is because of the presence of serous fluid]

A

SEROUS FLUID

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5
Q

aspirated from the pleural space, or cavity, surrounding the lungs

A

Pleural fluid

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6
Q

aspirated from the abdominal cavity

A

Peritoneal fluid

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7
Q

aspirated from the pericardial cavity surrounding the heart

A

Pericardial fluid

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8
Q
  • Clear, almost colorless to pale yellow fluid that fills the membrane (amnion or amniotic sac) that surrounds and cushions a fetus in the uterus
A

AMNIOTIC FLUID

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9
Q

An antigen normally present in the human fetus that is also found in amniotic fluid and maternal serum

A

ALPHA-FETOPROTEIN (AFP)

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10
Q

Can be assessed by measuring the amniotic fluid levels of substances called phospholipids, which act as surfactants to keep the alveoli of the lungs inflated

A

FETAL LUNG MATURITY

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11
Q

examines stomach contents for abnormal substances and measures gastric acid concentration to evaluate stomach acid production

A

Gastric analysis:

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12
Q

Aspirating a sample of gastric fluid by means of a tube passed through the mouth and throat (oropharynx) or nose and throat (nasopharynx) into the stomach after a period of fasting tested to determine acidity prior to stimulation

A

BASAL GASTRIC ANALYSIS

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13
Q

Mucus or phlegm that is ejected from the trachea,
bronchi, and lungs through deep coughing

A

SPUTUM

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14
Q
  • A less invasive, painless alternative to blood collection for obtaining cells for DNA analysis
  • The phlebotomists collects the sample by gently massaging the mouth on the inside of the cheek with a special swab
A

BUCCAL SWABS

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15
Q
  • Fluid secreted by glands in mouth
  • Used to monitor hormone levels and detect alcohol
    and drug abuse (recent drug use)
A

SALIVA

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16
Q

This test s based on the fact that H. pylori produces
urease, an enzyme that breaks down urea but is not
normally present in the stomach

A

C-UREA BREATH TEST (C-UBT)

17
Q

Helps identify problems with the digestion of carbohydrates such as lactose (milk sugar) and fructose (fruit sugar) and is thought to be the most accurate lactose tolerance test

A

HYDROGEN BREATH TEST

18
Q

appear red because of the release of hemoglobin from rbcs [rejected]

A

Hemolyzed specimens

19
Q

appear yellow because of the presence of excess bilirubin [significant; microscopic]

A

Icteric specimens

20
Q

are cloudy [gelatinlike] because of increased lipids [artificially made when the patient ate fatty meal before blood collection; if not, it is an indicator of something else]

A

Lipemic specimens

21
Q

liquid portion of anticoagulated blood
- Contains the protein fibrinogen

A

Plasma

22
Q

lquid portion of clotted blood
- Fibrinogen in serum has already been used in the clotting of blood

A

Serum

23
Q

comprises approximately 55% of the total blood volume; clear straw-colored fluid that is about 91% water and 9% dissolved substances

A

Plasma

24
Q
  • Red blood cells
  • Are anucleate biconcave disks that are approximately 7.2 microns in diameter
A

ERYTHROCYTES

25
Q
  • White blood cells
  • Provide immunity to certain diseases by producing antibodies and destroying harmful pathogens by phagocytosis
  • Normal number: 4,500 to 11,000 per microliter of blood
A

LEUKOCYTES

26
Q

– determines the number of all WBC present in the blood

A

White blood cell count

27
Q

determines the percentage of each type of leukocyte

A

Differential cell count

28
Q
  • The most numerous leukocytes (40-60%)
  • Provide protection against infection through phagocytosis
  • Called “segmented” or “polymorphonuclear cells”
  • Nuclei of the neutrophils has 3-5 segments
  • Increases in bacterial infection
A

NEUTROPHILS

29
Q
  • The second most numerous leukocytes (20- 40%)
  • Provide the body with immune capability by means of B and T lymphocytes
  • B-lymphocytes [antibodies]; T-lymphocytes [active search and destroy of antigens]
A

LYMPHOCYTES

30
Q
  • 3-8%
  • Largest circulating leukocytes
  • Act as a powerful phagocytes to digest foreign material
  • The cytoplasm has a fine blue-gray appearance with vacuoles and a large, irregular nucleus
  • Not as rounded as the other leukocytes
  • Cannot mistake it from the others because of its size
A

MONOCYTES

31
Q
  • 1-3%
  • Red orange granules, and the nucleus has only two lobes [bilobes]
  • Detoxify foreign proteins and increase in allergies, skin infections, and parasitic infections
A

EOSINOPHILS

32
Q
  • 0-1%
  • Least common of the leukocytes
  • The cytoplasm contains large granules that stain purple-black
  • Release histamine in the inflammation process and heparin to prevent abnormal blood clotting
A

BASOPHILS

33
Q
  • Platelets
  • Small, irregularly shaped disks formed from the cytoplasm of very large cells in the bone marrow called the megakaryocytes
    [largest cell in the bone marrow]
  • Life span: 9-12 days
  • Average number: between 140,000 and 440,000 per microliter of blood
  • Play a vital role in blood clotting in all stages of the coagulation mechanism
A

THROMBOCYTES

34
Q

decreased urine output: 400mL/day (adults); occurs at excessive water loss [dehydration, patient is a burn victim, diarrhea, vomiting]

A

Oliguria

35
Q

cessation of urine flow; suggests severe kidney damage [urine cannot pass/flow out of the body]

A

Anuria

36
Q

– increased urine output: >2.5L/day (adults) [marker for diabetes insipidus and diabetes mellitus]

A

Polyuria

MLSP112 (11 decks)

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