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MLSP112 > LABORATORY SAFETY > Flashcards

LABORATORY SAFETY Flashcards

1
Q

provides excellent general laboratory safety and infection control guidelines

A

Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)

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2
Q
  • Standard System for the Identification of the Fire Hazards of Materials,
A

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)

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3
Q
  • All Patients are considered possible carriers of bloodborne pathogens (HIV/ HBV)
  • Wearing gloves when collecting/ handling blood and body fluids contaminated with blood
  • Wearing face shields when in danger of splashing blood and body fluids contaminated with blood
  • Doesn’t include urine and fluids not visibly contaminated with blood
A

Universal Precautions (1987)

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4
Q
  • Considers all body fluids and moist body substances to be potentially infectious
  • Does not recommend handwashing after removal of gloves
A

Body Substance Isolation Guidelines (1987)

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5
Q
  • Combines aspects of Universal Precautions and Body substance Isolation Guidelines
A

Standard Precautions (1996)

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6
Q

Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

A
  • Universal Precautions (1987)
  • Body Substance Isolation Guidelines (1987)
  • Standard Precautions (1996)
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7
Q
  • Development of policies regarding laboratory safety
  • Accreditation of Clinical Laboratories
A

Department of Health (Philippines)

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8
Q

Standard Precautions (CDC, 1996)

A
  1. Handwashing
  2. Gloves
  3. Mask, eye protection, face shield
  4. Gown
  5. Patient Care Equipment
  6. Environmental Control
  7. Linen
  8. Occupational Health
  9. Patient Placement
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9
Q

Handwashing:

A
  • Before direct patient contact
  • After contact with patient specimens
  • After contact with patient’s intact skin
  • If hands will be moving from a contaminated surface to a clean one during patient care
  • After contact with the inanimate objects in the patient’s vicinity
  • After removing gloves
  • Before going to designated break areas
  • Before and after using bathroom facilities
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10
Q
  • Worn when user is in contact with blood or other potentially
    infectious materials
A

Gloves

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11
Q

Worn to protect the clothing and skin of health-care workers
from contamination by patient body substances and to prevent the transfer of microorganisms out of patient rooms.

A

Laboratory Gown

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12
Q
  • Contain Respiratory Secretions during patient care
A

Respiratory Hygiene

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13
Q

Wear PPE according to corresponding level of anticipated contamination

A

Patient-Care Equipment and Instruments/ Devices

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14
Q
  • Policies and Procedures for cleaning and disinfection
A

Care of the Environment

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15
Q
  • Avoid contamination of air, surface, and personnel, and minimize agitation when handling
A

Textiles and Laundry

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16
Q

Transmission-Based Precautions

A

CDC, 1995

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17
Q

When microorganisms remain infective while being carried in the air or on dust particles

A

Airborne Precautions

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18
Q

When microorganisms can be transmitted on moist particles
produced during sneezing and coughing; droplet-borne infections are capable of travelling short distances only (>3 ft)

A

Droplet Precautions

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19
Q

Direct skin-to-skin contact or indirect contact with inanimate
objects in patient’s room

A

Contact

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20
Q

Tuberculosis, Measles, Chickenpox, Herpes zoster
virus / Shingles, Mumps, Adenovirus

A

Airborne Precautions

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21
Q

Neisseria meningitides, Haemophilus spp, Influenza, rhinovirus

A

Droplet Precautions

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22
Q

Clostridium difficile, rotavirus, draining wounds, scabies,
herpes simplex, herpes zoster

A

Contact

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23
Q

Standard Precautions Mask or Respirator

A

Airborne Precautions

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24
Q

Standard Precautions Mask

A

Droplet Precautions

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25
Q

Standard Precautions Gown and Gloves

A

Contact

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26
Q

Requires all employers to have a written Bloodborne Pathogen Exposure Control Plan and to provide necessary protection, free of charge for employees

A

OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration)

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27
Q

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), Hepatitis D Virus, Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

A

Bloodborne Pathogens (BBP)

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28
Q

Transmission Prevention Guidelines for Phlebotomists

A
  1. Change Gloves in between patients
  2. Wash hands after removing gloves
  3. Dispose of biohazard materials properly
  4. Dispose of sharps hazards in puncture-proof containers
  5. Do not recap needles with both hands; use safety devices
  6. Follow institute’s protocol during personal illness
  7. Maintain personal immunizations
  8. Decontaminate Work Areas
  9. Do not centrifuge uncapped tubes
  10. Do not eat, drink, smoke, or apply cosmetics in the work area
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29
Q

Standard and Transmission-based Precaution for Bloodborne Pathogens

A

-Bloodborne Pathogens (BBP)

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30
Q

Exposure to BBP can occur when

A
  • Contaminated sharps pierces the skin of the worker
  • Body fluid or blood splashes in the eyes, nose, or mouth of the worker
  • Cut, scratch, or abrasion of the health worker has made contact with blood or bodily fluids of the patient
  • Human bite cut the skin of the worker
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31
Q
  1. Carefully remove the sharp object
  2. Wash the site thoroughly with soap and water for at least 30 sec.
A

BBP Exposure by Needlestick or Sharps:

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32
Q
  1. Flush with water or saline for at least 10 mins
  2. For eye exposure, use eyewash station. (Remove contact lenses)
  3. Report incident to immediate supervisor
A

BBP Exposure through Mucus Membrane:

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33
Q
  1. Use 1:10 bleach solution on contaminated areas.
A

For Surface Decontamination:

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34
Q

– providing sharps disposal container and needles with safetydevices
- Requiring discarding of the needles with the safety device activated and the holder attached
- Labelling all biohazardous materials and containers.

A

Engineering Controls

35
Q
  • Requiring all employees to practice standard precautions
  • Prohibiting eating and drinking, smoking, and applying cosmetics in the work area
A

Work Practice Controls

36
Q
  • providing laboratory coats, gowns, face sheilds, and gloves to employees and laundry facilities for nondisposable protective clothing
A

Personal protective Equipments

37
Q
  • Proving immunization for the hepatitis B virus free of charge.
  • Proving medical follow-up to employees who have been accidentally exposed to bloodborne pathogens.
A

Medical

38
Q
  • Anual training of employees in safety standards
  • Evaluation and implementaion od safer needle devices
  • Involving employees in the selection and evaluation od new devices and maintaing a list of those
  • Maintaining a sharp injury log including the type and brand of safety device, location and description of the incident, and confidential employees follow-up
A

Documentation

39
Q

Any accidental exposure to blood through needlestick, mucous membranes, or nonintact skin must be reported to a supervisor and a confidential medical examination must be started immediately.

A

Postexposure Prophylaxis

40
Q

Evaluation of the incident must begin immediately to ensure appropriate postexposure prophylaxis(PEP) is initiated within

A

24 hours.

41
Q

Non-infectious dry waste

A

Black

42
Q

Non-Infectious wet waste

A

Green

43
Q

Infectious and Pathological waste

A

Yellow

44
Q

Chemical waste including those w/ heavy metals

A

Yellow with black band

45
Q

Radioactive waste

A

Orange

46
Q

Sharps and pressurized containers

A

Red

47
Q

Describes hazards, safe handling, storage, and disposal
of hazardous chemicals

A

Safety Data Sheets (SDS)

48
Q

Infectious Agents

A

Biological

49
Q

Needles, Lancets, Broken Glassware

A

Sharp

50
Q

Preservatives and Reagents

A

Chemical

51
Q

Equipment and Radioisotopes

A

Radioactive

52
Q

Ungrounded or Wet Equipment and Frayed Cords

A

Electrical

53
Q

Open Flame or Organic Chemicals

A

Fire / Explosive

54
Q

Wet Floors, Heavy Containers, Patients

A

Physical

55
Q

Bacterial, Fungal, Viral, or Parasitic Infections

A

Biological

56
Q

Bloodborne Pathogen Exposure, Cuts, or Punctures

A

Sharp

57
Q

Exposure to Reagents

A

Chemical

58
Q

Generalized Overexposure or Damage to a Fetus

A

Radioactive

59
Q

Burns or Shock

A

Electrical

60
Q

Burns or Dismemberment

A

Fire / Explosive

61
Q

Falls, Sprains, Strains

A

Physical

62
Q

Refers to biological substances that pose a threat to the health of living organisms, primarily that of humans.

A

BIOHAZARDS

63
Q

Chain of Infection

A

Infectious Agent
Reservoir
Portal of Exit
Means/Mode of Transmission
Portal of Entry
Susceptible Host

64
Q

Bacteria, Fungi, Parasite, Virus

A

Infectious Agent

65
Q

Place where the infectious agent can live and
possibly multiply
Ex: Humans / Animals Inanimate objects (fomites)

A

Reservoir

66
Q

A way to exit the reservoir to continue the chain
of infection
Ex: Nose, Mouth, Mucus Membranes, Blood or Body Fluids

A

Portal of Exit

67
Q

Early Detection and Treatment

A

Infectious Agent

68
Q

Proper disinfection of work area

A

Reservoir

69
Q

Proper disposal of Biohazards and sharps
Proper sealing of Containers and Specimens

A

Portal of Exit

70
Q

Means of Infectious Agent to reach a susceptible Host:
Ex: Direct Contact
Droplet
Airborne
Vehicle: Contaminated Food or Water
Vector: Insects and other Invertebrates

A

Means/Mode of Transmission

71
Q

Means of an Infectious Agents to enter a Susceptible Host
Ex: Nose, Mouth, Mucus Membranes, Open
Wounds

A

Portal of Entry

72
Q

Disinfection and sterilization Standard precautions Transmission-based precautions

A

Portal of Entry

73
Q

Patient or other Healthcare Worker (Immunocompromised)

A

Susceptible Host

74
Q

Handwashing Standard Precautions
Transmission – Based Precautions

A

Means/Mode of Transmission

75
Q

Standard Precautions
Immunization
Healthy Lifestyle

A

Susceptible Host

76
Q

an infection acquired by a patient during a hospital stay.

A

Nosocomial/Health-Care–Acquired Infections

77
Q

refers to an infection acquired by a patient as the result of
a health-care procedure that may or may not require a hospital stay.

A

Health-care–acquired infection (HAI)

78
Q
  • Including needles, lancets, and broken glassware
  • Serious biological hazard for possible exposure to bloodborne pathogens caused by accidental puncture
  • When handling needles, NEVER manually recap with both hands
  • Needle safety devices must be activated before disposing of the entire blood collection assembly.
A

SHARPS HAZARDS

79
Q
  • Puncture-resistant, leak-proof containers labeled with the biohazard symbol.
  • Containers should be located in close proximity to the phlebotomist’s work area.
A

Disposal of Sharps

80
Q

During processing of samples or Preservatives in sample
containers

A

CHEMICAL HAZARDS

81
Q
  • Encountered in the clinical laboratory when procedures
    using radioisotopes, such as radioimmunoassay, are performed.
  • Exposure to radiation during pregnancy presents a danger to the fetus, and personnel who are or who think they may be pregnant should avoid areas with this symbol.
A

RADIOACTIVE HAZARDS

82
Q
  • Electrical cords should be checked regularly for fraying and replaced
  • All socket should be checked for electrical grounding and leakage at least annually.
  • No extension cords should be used in the laboratory
A

ELECTRICAL HAZARDS

83
Q

–Safety carriers should always be used to transport glass bottles of acids, alkalis, or organic solvents in volumes larger than 500 mL,
–Approved safety cans should be used for storing, dispensing, or disposing of flammables in volumes greater than 1 quart.
–Steel safety cabinets with self-closing doors or explosion- proof refrigerators

A

Chemical Storage

MLSP112 (11 decks)

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