urinary tract infections Flashcards
Mollicutes examples for urinary tract infections
______ flora
Mycoplasma spp.
Ureaplasma spp.
normal mucous membrane flora
Candida albicans
fungal
urinary tract infections
Enterbacterales:
E. coli, Proteus spp., Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella spp.
gram - or +
aerobic or anaerobic
opportunistic or not
clinical signs
gram - enterics
facultative anaerobes
opportunistic fecal organisms
urolithiasis & prostatitis
acute and chronic infections
what bacteria most commonly causes prostatitis
E.coli
which two enterbacterales cause urolithiasis
Enterbacter spp.
Proteus spp.
uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC)
gram - or +
aerobic or anaerobic
virulence factors
species affected
gram -
facultative anaerobe
P-fimbriae
alpha-hemolysin
siderophores
humans, dogs
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
gram - or +
shape
aerobic or anaerobic
ubquitous ______
gram - rod (non-enteric)
obligate aerobes
environmental organism, catheter usage
staphylococcus pseudintermedius & S. aureus
gram - or +
shape
aerobic or anaerobic
clinical signs
____ flora
_____ positive
gram + cocci
facultative anaerobe
urolithiasis
skin and mucous membrane flora
coagulase +
enterococcus spp.
gram - or +
shape
aerobic or anaerobic
ubiquitous _______
gram + cocci
facultative anaerobe
fecal organism
Corynebacterium urealyticum
gram - or +
aerobic or anaerobic
____ flora
clinical signs
gram + rod
facultative anaerobe
skin flora
urolithiasis
Corneybacterium renale
gram - or +
aerobic or anaerobic
____ flora
clinical signs
virulence factors
species affected
gram + rods
facultative anaerobes
urogenital flora
urolithiasis, ureteritis, pyelonephritis, balanoposthitis “pizzle rot” in rams
P-fimbriae
cattle, sheep, goats
diagnostics for urinary tract infections
what is the cleanest
cystocentesis (cleanest), catheterization, midstream (dirtiest)
aerobic culture
quantitative plating (CFUs)
in-clinic cultures
should you treat animals that don’t have lower urinary signs (straining, increased frequency, discomfort)
NO
simple presence of bacteria in urine is ____ an indication to treat
NOT
treatments for urinary tract infections
antimicrobials
empirical therapy (no culture) for first infection
target therapy (culture) for recurrent infections (repeat 5-7 after cessation of therapy)
signs improve with 48 hours
relative incidence of UTI in dogs and cats
female dogs more common
dogs more common than cats
which UTI associated organisms are associated with complications due to urease?
Enterbacterales spp. (Enterobacter & Proteus)
Staphylococcus spp.
Corneybacterium spp.
which antibiotics have utility in both the bladder and the prostate?
enrofloxacin
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
what is quantitative urine culture
Quantitative Plating
- CFU per ml of urine
- interpretation in context with the collection method (cystocentesis will have least amount CFU and midstream will have greatest amount CFU)
