Spirochetes Flashcards
Borrelia burgdorferi
shape
clinical signs
spirochete
lyme disease
Borrelia anserina
shape
clinical signs
spirochete
avian spirochaetosis
Brachyspira hyodysenteriae
shape
clinical signs
spirochete
swine dysentery
Treponema phagedenis
shape
clinical signs
spirochete
hair foot wart in cattle
Treponema cuniculi
shape
clinical signs
spirochete
vent disease in rabbits (rabbit syphilis)
Treponema pallidum
shape
clinical signs
spirochete
human syphilils
Leptospira
gram - or +
shape
aerobe or anaerobe
zoonotic?
virulence factors
gram - rod spirochetes
aerobe
zoonotic
LPS, Lip32, hemolysins - Phospholipase C and Pore-forming proteins, autoantibodies
L. hardjo
species
clinical signs
bovid
mid/late-term abortion, “milk drop syndrome”
placentitis, nephritis, pneumonia in aborted fetus
L. pomona
species
clinical signs
hemolytic anemia & acute renal failure in calves
repro diseases (SMEDI) in pigs
moon blindness, abortion in horses (most commonly appaloosas)
acute renal failure in foals
L. autumnalis
species
wildlife, rodents
L. ballum
species
wildlife, rodents
L. canicola
species
dog (primarily)
bovid, pig, rodents
L. bratislava
species
pig, horse, bovid
L. grippotyphosa
species
primarily wildlife
bovid, pig
L. icterohaemorrhagiae
species
rodents
Leptospira pathogenesis
what acts as a reservoir?
transmission?
ingestion/penetration of broken skin/mucous membranes
replication in the blood “leptospiremia”
vasculitis/thrombocytopenia (clinically apparent)
renal and liver damage + CNS/ocular/spleen/repro
kidney specific: translocation between endothelial cells into interstitial space and through IC junctions w/ association to tubular epithelial microvilli –> tubular degeneration
rodents
shed in urine & direct contact
most famous pathogenic leptospira species ________
L. interrogans
non-pathogenic/free living leptospira species is _______
L. biflexa
leptospirosis clinical signs in dogs
uremic disease/severe renal azotemia (kidney failure)
icteric disease (jaundice - liver failure)
what leptospira serovars most commonly cause icteric disease in dogs
icterohemmorhagiae
pomona
grippotyphosa
what virulence factor of leptospira is responsible for moon blindess in horses
autoantibodies
Leptospira diagnostics
best test?
worst test?
microscopic agglutination (MAT) detect Ab
PCR
florescent Ab test
ELISA SNAP detects Ab against Lip32
vx history - seroconversion expected after vaccination
histopath w/ silver stains and IHC
NO culture - NOT USEFUL
treatment of leptospira acute oliguric renal failure in dogs
IV fluids
Parental Abx - Ampicillin and Doxycycline
treatment for leptospira in cattle and horses
Abx - pencillin, ceftiofur, oxytetracycline
leptospira prevention in cattle, dogs, and horses
cattle 5 way vx (CGIPH)
horses - pomona only
dogs = 4 way vx (CGIP)
BIOSECURITY
Microscopic Agglutination (MAT) diagnostic interpretation
acute titer
convalescent titer (7-14 days apart)
>/= 4 fold difference
what is a red herring alert
subclinical infection common in high endemic areas
