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Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Haemophilus/Glasserella parasuis
gram - or +
aerobe or anaerobe
species
pathogenesis
clinical signs

A

gram - rod
facultative anaerobe
weaner pigs
produce cytochrome oxidase & associated with weaning transport/stress
Glasser’s Disease (CNS, resp, joint) - polyserositis/arthritis, meningoencephalitis, pneumonia

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2
Q

diagnostics for Glasserella parasuis and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

A

culture - growth factors X (hemin) & Y (NAD) in chocolate agar or adjacent to nurse streaks

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3
Q

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP)
gram - or +
aerobe or anaerobe
species
virulence factors
clinical signs

A

gram - rod
facultative anaerobe
weaners, growers, finishers (swine)
APX toxins
fibrinous pleuropneumonia - #1 resp dz in swine

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4
Q

Actinobacillus suis
gram - or +
aerobe or anaerobe
species
clinical signs

A

gram - rod
facultative anaerobe
weaners/growers (swine)
broncho/interstitial pneumonia may spread to joints

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5
Q

Actinobacillus equuli
gram - or +
aerobe or anaerobe
species
clinical signs

A

gram - rod
facultative anaerobe
foals
broncho/interstitial pneumonia, may spread to joints, CNS “sleepy foal disease”

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6
Q

Actinobacillus lignieresii
gram - or +
aerobe or anaerobe
species
pathogenesis
clinical signs

A

gram - rod
facultative anaerobe
cattle
associated with sharp feed, sulfur granules in lesions
“wooden tongue” due to abscesses & granulomas

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7
Q

Pasturella multocida
gram - or +
aerobe or anaerobe
species
virulence factors
pathogenesis
clinical signs

A

gram - rod
facultative anaerobe
many species but not horses, humans
capsule, LPS, siderophores, leukotoxins, PMT, RTX, T1SS
associated with B. bronchiseptica
BRDC in cows
atrophic rhinitis in swine
snuffles in rabbits
cholera in fowl
bite wound/aspiration pneumonia in dogs/cats

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8
Q

Mannheimia haemolytica
gram - or +
aerobe or anaerobe
species
virulence factors
clinical signs

A

gram - rod
facultative anaerobe
cattle, small ruminants
capsule, LPS, siderophores, leukotoxins, PMT, RTX, T1SS
predominant pathogen in BRDC

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9
Q

Bibersteinia trehalosi
gram - or +
aerobe or anaerobe
species
virulence factors
clinical signs

A

gram - rod
facultative anaerobe
cattle, small ruminants
capsule, LPS, siderophores, leukotoxins, PMT, RTX, T1SS
BRDC

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10
Q

Histophilus somni
gram - or +
aerobe or anaerobe
species
pathogenesis
clinical signs

A

gram - rod
facultative anaerobe
ruminants
adheres to endothelial cells –> necrosis
BRDC & CNS disease

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11
Q

bacteria apart of the BRDC

A

Pasturella multocida
Mannheimia haemolytica
Bibersteinia trehalosi
Mycoplasma bovis
Histophilus somni
Trueperella pyogenes

PROTECT MY BIG MILK HEIFER TINA

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12
Q

Bordetella bronchiseptica
gram - or +
aerobe or anaerobe
species
virulence factors
transmission
clinical signs

A

gram - coccobacilli
aerobe
many animals
pilli/fimbriae, LPS, siderophores, adenyl cyclase toxin, tracheal cytotoxin, DNT
airborne/fomites
atrophic rhinitis or bronchopneumonia in swine
tracheobronchitis/pneumonia in dogs
snuffles in rabbits

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13
Q

Bordetella avium
gram - or +
aerobe or anaerobe
species
clinical signs

A

gram - coccobacilli
aerobe
birds
Turkey Coryza (rhinotracheitis)

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14
Q

most important respiratory disease in swine

A

A. pleuropneumonia

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15
Q

diagnostics for MHAP-B bacteria

A

aerobic cultures
poor growth on MacConkey agar
NO nasal cultures unless equine

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16
Q

treatments for BRDC

A

ML vx for P. multocida
toxoid vx for M. haemolytica
bacterin vx for H. somnii
abx - ceftiofur, macrolides, florfenicol

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17
Q

what bacteria is commonly associated with Pasturella spp. chronic infections

A

Truperella spp.

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18
Q

predominant pathogen of BRDC

A

Mannheimia haemolytica

19
Q

treatments for Bordetella spp.
vx in dogs?
vx in cats?
severe cases require what abx?

A

dogs - B. bronchiseptica ML & killed vx
cats - B. bronchiseptica not recommended
severe cases - doxy, amoxicillin-clavulanate

20
Q

main treatments/control for resp diseases

A
  1. abx & systemic adjunctive therapy (treatment & metaphylaxis)
  2. biosecurity & control
  3. vaccines
21
Q

swine respiratory diseases management

A

all in/all out
closed herds
underlying disease
vaccines for A. pleuropneumoniae, M. hypopneumoniae, B. bronchiseptica, P. multocida

22
Q

equine resp disease management

A

isolation & disinfection
drain abscesses, flush guttural pouch
Abx - penicillin, ceftiofur, TMS
surveillance w/ PCR
ML vx

23
Q

canine/feline tracheitis & URD management

A

vaccines (B.bronchiseptica in dogs)
most cases mild - no Abx
severe cases - doxy, amoxicillin-clavulanate
biosecurity

24
Q

describe B. bronchisepticas pathogenesis in regard to DNT & PMT toxins specifically in swine

A
  1. colonizes nasal epithelium in naive pigs
  2. DNT + results in regressive atrophic rhinitis
  3. DNT + or - allows colonization by P. multocida
  4. PMT results in progressive atrophic rhinitis
25
Q

regressive atrophic rhinitis

A

DNT +
inhibits osteoblasts

26
Q

progressive atrophic rhinitis

A

DNT + or - & PMT +
stimulates osteoclasts

27
Q

Streptococcus equi zooepidemicus
group?
gram - or +
aerobe or anaerobe
virulence factors
pathogenesis
species
clinical signs

A

“strepzoo” Group C
gram + cocci
facultative anaerobe
MSCRAMMS, superantigens, hemolysins
beta-hemolytic
horses - pleuropneumonia
foals - bacteria/sepsis
dogs - hemorrhagic bronchopneumonia
non-contagious

28
Q

Streptococcus equi equi
group?
gram - or +
aerobe or anaerobe
virulence factors
pathogenesis
species
clinical signs

A

group C
gram + cocci
facultative anaerobe
MSCRAMMS, superantigens, hemolysins
beta-hemolytic
horses
Strangles, Bastard Strangles, guttural pouch empyema, type III hypersensitivity
contagious

29
Q

Streptococcus canis
group?
gram - or +
aerobe or anaerobe
virulence factors
pathogenesis
species
clinical signs

A

group G
gram + cocci
facultative anaerobe
MSCRAMMS, superantigens, hemolysins
beta-hemolytic
dogs, cats
aspiration pneumonia, keratitis, necrotizing fasciitis (similar to GAS in humans)

30
Q

Streptococcus porcinus
group?
gram - or +
aerobe or anaerobe
virulence factors
pathogenesis
species
clinical signs

A

group E
gram + cocci
facultative anaerobe
MSCRAMMS, superantigens, hemolysins
beta-hemolytic
swine
analogous to strangles, incidental finding

31
Q

Streptococcus suis
gram - or +
aerobe or anaerobe
virulence factors
pathogenesis
species
clinical signs

A

gram + cocci
facultative anaerobe
MSCRAMMS, superantigens, hemolysin
alpha-hemolytic
weaners/growers
bronchopneumonia, bacteremia/sepsis, endocarditis, septic arthritis, abscess

32
Q

Streptococcus agalactiae & dysgalactiae
group?
gram - or +
aerobe or anaerobe
virulence factors
pathogenesis
species
clinical signs

A

S. agalactiae group B
S. dysgalactiae group C
gram + cocci
facultative anaerobe
MSCRAMMS, superantigens, hemolysin
beta-hemolytic
cattle
mastitis

33
Q

what is the one alpha-hemolytic streptococcus to be aware up

34
Q

Trueperella spp.
gram - or +
aerobe or anaerobe
pathogenesis
clinical signs

A

gram + rod “T IN RECTL”
facultative anaerobe
secondary invader in BRDC, accompanies Pasteurellaceae family & Mycoplasma
BRDC

35
Q

Rhodococcus spp.
gram - or +
aerobe or anaerobe
intracellular?
virulence factors
pathogenesis
transmission
species
clinical signs
diagnostics

A

gram + coccobacilli “R in RECTL”
obligate aerobe
intracellular
vapA, lipoarabinomannan, cell wall lipids
soil, dust, amplifies in environment
ingestion/inhalation
major disease in <6mo foals
pyogranulomatous inflammation/pneumonia
acid fast

36
Q

Mycoplasma bovis
co-infects w/
species
clinical signs

A

co-infection with M. haemolytica, P. multocida, H. somni, & B. trehalosi
cattle/calves
BRDC, otitis media, polyarthritis

37
Q

Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae
host:
reservoir host:
clinical signs

A

host: bighorn sheep
reservoir: domestic sheep
severe, fatal

38
Q

Mycoplasma mycoides mycoides
species
clincial signs

A

cattle
contagious bovine pleuropneumonia - diaphragmatic lobe involved - copious yellow fluid and marbled lung

39
Q

Mycoplasma canis, M. cynos, M. felis
species
clinical signs

A

dogs, cats, horses
respiratory disease

40
Q

Mycoplasma gallisepticum
species
clinical signs

A

chickens, turkeys
sinusitis, tracheitis

41
Q

Mycoplasma synoviae
species
clinical signs

A

poultry
tenosynovitis, arthritis, airsacculitis

42
Q

Mycoplasma hyorhinis & M. hyosyoviae
species
clinical signs

A

10 wk (weaner) pigs
respiratory disease – indistinguishable from Glasser’s Disease; polyserositis/polyarthritis

43
Q

diagnostics for Mycoplasma

A

PCR and serology
difficult to culture - “fried egg” appearance on semisolid media
hemoplasmas

44
Q

most common lower resp infection in dogs, cats and horses is caused by what bacteria resulting in aspiration pneumonia and opportunistic bronchopneumonia

A

POLYMICROBIAL:
Enterobacterales (E.coli & Klebsiella)
Streptococcus
Staphylococcus
Pseudomonas spp.
Pasturella spp.

Bacteriology (16 decks)

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