Urinary tract disorders Flashcards
what is the journey of urine?
- travels from the kidneys
- to the ureters
- to the bladder
what is a nephron formed of?
- glomerulus (small blood capillaries)
- renal tubule
what are some causes of chronic renal failure?
- idiopathic
- nephrotoxic damage
- hypercalcaemia
- hereditary conditions
what are some clinical signs of CRF?
- Polydipsia/polyuria
- depression
- lethargy
- v+ and d+
what is azotaemia?
increase in BUN and creatinine
what are some causes of acute renal failure?
- reduction of blood flow to kidneys
- obstruction to elimination of urine
- severe kidney damage
- drug therapy
how many stages of CRF are there?
4
what is peritoneal dialysis?
using the peritoneum as a membrane across which fluids and uraemic solutes are exchanged
what are some causes of feline lower urinary tract disease?
- stress
- uroliths
- bacteria
what is performed in a perineal urethrostomy?
involves excising the end of the urethra and suturing the wider part to the skin to create a new opening
what is cystitis?
inflammation of the bladder
what are some causes of an UTI?
- trauma from calculi
- retention of urine
- common in immuno-suppressed patients
what are some types of uroliths?
- struvite
- calcium oxalate
- urate
- calcium phosphate
- cystine
what is an ectopic ureter?
congenital abnormality whereby dogs and cats are born with ureters that do not enter the bladder in the correct position resulting in incontinence
