Digestive tract disorders Flashcards

1
Q

what does the digestive tract include?

A
  • oral cavity
  • oesophagus
  • small intestine
  • liver
  • exocrine pancreas
  • large intestine
  • rectum and anus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the primary functions of the GI tract?

A
  • prehension of food and water
  • mastication
  • salivation
  • swallowing
  • digestion
  • absorption of nutrients
  • maintenance of fluids
  • evacuation of waste
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is vomiting?

A

the ejection of all or part of the stomach contents through the mouth which occurs hours after eating and contains digested food (active)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is regurgitation?

A

occurs suddenly with no effort from patient and contains undigested food (passive)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is primary vomiting?

A

disease. of stomach or small intestine
- gastritis
- ulceration
- foreign body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is secondary vomiting?

A

systemic diseases
- pancreatitis
- pyometra
- ketoacidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is diarrhoea?

A

excessive and frequent evacuation of watery faeces
- acute/chronic
- small intestine/large intestine/both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is constipation?

A

infrequent or difficult passage of faeces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are some causes of constipation?

A
  • dietary issues
  • prostatic hypertrophy
  • dehydration
  • lack of exercise
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is a megacolon?

A
  • large intestine is consistently stretched
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is a cause of a megacolon?

A
  • persistent constipation
  • loss of normal nerve function
  • idiopathic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is a megaoesophagus?

A
  • hypomotility and dilation of the oesophagus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is malabsorption?

A

-malabsorption is a failure of digestion anywhere within the GI tract and is caused by exocrine pancreatic insufficiency or small intestinal disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is maldigestion?

A

impaired nutrient digestion within the intestinal lumen or at the brush border

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is exocrine pancreatic insufficiency?

A
  • insufficient pancreatic enzymes are produced to enable digestion of dietary lipids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the primary cells of the liver called?

A

hepatocytes

17
Q

what are some functions of the liver?

A
  • store ADEK
  • production of bile and urea
  • protein metabolism
  • carbohydrate metabolism
18
Q

what is the liver responsible for?

A

converting ammonia into urea

19
Q

what is cirrhosis?

A

end stage of many chronic liver diseases

20
Q

what is a portosystemic shunt?

A

congenital abnormality where the blood supply by-passes the liver

21
Q

what is cholangiohepatitis?

A
  • inflammation of the billiary system and liver
  • ascending infection from the gut through the bile duct
22
Q

what is neutrophilic
cholangiohepatitis?

A
  • ascending infection of the billiary tract (from intestine)
23
Q

what is lympocytic cholangiohepatitis?

A

immune mediated

24
Q

what is hepatic lipidosis?

A

fats infiltrate the liver, causing widespread damage and dysfunction

25
what is the portal vein?
large vein that collects blood from the GI system, pancreas, and spleen and carries it to the liver where toxins are removed
26
when does a liver shunt occur?
when an abnormal connection consists or forms between the portal vein and another vein allowing blood to bypass or shunt around the liver