Respiratory disorders Flashcards
what can cause low oxygen levels?
- reduced oxygen carrying capacity of the blood cells
- reduced blood flow through lungs
- insufficient movement of gases in and out of lungs
- inability of tissues to use available oxygen
what is orthopnoea?
dyspnoea in lateral recumbency which is usually improved in sternal recumbency
what is cynosis?
bluish appearance of the tongue and mm as a result of insufficient oxygen reaching the tissues
what is hypoxia?
reduced oxygen availability
what do upper respiratory tract disorders affect?
- nose
- pharynx
- larynx
- trachea
what do lower respiratory tract disorders affect?
- bronchi
- bronchioles
- aveoli
what are some causes of upper respiratory tract diseases?
- airway obstruction
- neoplasia
- aspergillosis
- nasal pharyngeal polyps
how do you diagnose upper respiratory tract diseases?
- physical examination
- radiographs
- endoscope
- transtracheal washes
what are some clinical signs of upper respiratory tract diseases?
- sneezing
- discharge
- facial rubbing
- dyspnoea in cats
what are nasal polyps?
- benign fleshy growths that develop in the nasal passages of cats
what is aspergillosis?
- fungal infection
- local to nose but also into lungs
how do you treat aspergillosis?
- antifungals
- debridement of lesions
what are some clinical signs of laryngeal disease?
- panting
- noisy resp
- dysphonia
- coughing
- difficulty swallowing
- exercise intolerance
what are some clinical signs of tracheal disease?
- honking noise
- dry hacking cough
- exercise intolerance
- dyspnoea
what are some diseases of the pleural space?
- ruptured diaphragm
- pneumothorax
- pyothorax
- haemothorax
- chlyothorax
what are some disease of the pulmonary parenchyma?
- pneumonia
- pulmonary oedema
- pulmonary haemorrhage
- neoplasia
what are some chronic lower respiratory tract diseases?
- chronic/allergic bronchitis
- pulmonary oedema secondary to heart failure
- feline asthma
- lungworm
- neoplasia
- pleurisy
what are some signs of lower respiratory tract disease?
- coughing
- tachypnoea
- orthopnoea
- dyspnoea
- cynosis
- collapse
what are some ways of diagnosing lower respiratory tract diseases?
- radiographs/CT
- ultrasound
- endoscopy
- blood gas analysis
what are some causes of lower respiratory tract diseases?
- pulmonary oedema
- pulmonary neoplasia
- pneumonia
- lung worm
- fluid or air in the pleural space
- ruptured diaphragm
what are some treatment options of lower respiratory tract diseases?
- diuretics
- antibiotics
- bronchodilators
- surgery
- chest coupage
- anti-inflammatory
- antitussives
what is a diaphragmatic hernia?
- a tear or rupture in the diaphragm
- can be congenital or traumatic
what are some clinical signs of a diaphragmatic hernia?
- muffled heart sounds
- irregular lung sounds
- lethargy
what is pneumonia?
an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs. the sacs may fill with fluid or pus, causing cough with phlegm or pus, fever, chills and difficulty breathing.
what is pulmonary oedema?
an abnormal build up of fluid in the lungs
what is acute respiratory failure?
- occurs when any part of normal respiration is interrupted
- patient is unable to oxygenate its blood or eliminate co2 (results in hypoxia and hypercapnia)
