Urinary Tract Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three main areas of the kidney

A

Cortex

Medulla

Pelvis

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2
Q

What is found in the renal cortex

A

Glomeruli

Proximal convoluted tubule

Distal convoluted tubules

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3
Q

What is a medullary ray

A

Found in renal cortex

Collection of loop of Henles and collecting ducts on the outside of the cortex

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4
Q

Describe renal medulla

A

No glomeruli

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5
Q

Describe the glomerulus

A

Tuft of convoluted fenestrated capillaries

Glomerular basement membrane

Lined by podocytes

Supported by mesangial cells

Encased in Bowman’s capsule

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6
Q

Describe the role of mesangial cells

A

Smooth muscle

Structural support

Contraction reduces GFR

Chemical changes feedback

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7
Q

Describe the juxtaglomerular apparatus

A
  • afferent arteriole
  • distal convoluted tubule

Afferent arteriole contributes granular cells

Secrete renin in response to low blood pressure

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8
Q

Describe the proximal convoluted tubule

A

Cubodial epithelium

Round central/basal nuclei

Brush border of microvilli at apical end

Many mitochondria so appears eosinophilic

Reabsorption of NaCl, proteins, polypeptides, amino acids, glucose

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9
Q

Describe urothelium

A

Multi layered stratified

Stretch in 3D

Volume of cell stays the same but thickness and area differs

Found in the collection/drainage parts of the urinary tract

Layer of umbrella cells (makes it urine proof) overlies a pseudostratified layer of polygonal cells

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10
Q

What are the layers of the bladder

A

Urothelium

Lamina propria

Muscularis mucosa

Submucosa

Muscularis propria

Subserosa and serosa

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11
Q

What part of the urinary tract differs in males and females

A

Urethra

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12
Q

Describe the female urethra

A

4-5cm

Proximally transitional epithelium

Distally squamous epithelium

Paraurethral and periurethral glands open into the urethra

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13
Q

Describe the male urethra

A
  1. prostatic urethra - urothelium
  2. Membranous urethra - urothelium
  3. Penile urethra - pseudostratified epithelium proximally. Stratified squamous epithelium distally
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