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Histology > Blood Vessels and Nerves > Flashcards

Blood Vessels and Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What is the common structure of the blood vessels - inside out

A

Lumen
Endothelium
Basement membrane
Initima
Internal elastic lamina (thin)
Media (thick)
External elastic lamina (thin)
Adventitia

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2
Q

In elastic artery what does the media contain

A

Abundant concentric sheets of elastin

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3
Q

Where are elastic arteries found

A

Arteries near the heart

e.g. aorta, pulmonary arteries

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4
Q

What are most arteries in the body

A

Muscular arteries

e.g. radial artery, splenic artery

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5
Q

What does the media comprise of in muscular arteries

A

Layers of smooth muscle

Little elastin

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6
Q

What are arterioles

A

Resistance vessels

Elastic laminae poorly defined

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7
Q

How are arterioles defined

A

Having 3 or fewer muscle layers in their media

OR

Up to 100um in diameter

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8
Q

What is the structure of capillaries (from inside)

A

Lumen
Endothelium (some capillaries is incomplete for movement of materials - fenestrated capillaries)
Basement membrane

Present on outside - pericyte

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9
Q

Describe capillaries

A

Composed entirely thin-walled endothelial cells with no surrounding muscle or connective tissue

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10
Q

Do most cells have closed or fenestrated capillaries

A

Most have closed

Fenestrated e.g. kidney and liver

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11
Q

What is the structure of veins

A

Same as arteries but no external elastic laminae

Arteries and arterioles have thicker muscular walls and smaller lumens

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12
Q

Describe venules

A

Associated with arterioles

Thin walled

Contractile pericytes wrap around outside of endothelial cells and form a complete layer as venules get larger

Pericytes relaces by smooth muscle as venules become veins

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13
Q

Describe veins

A

Larger veins are thick walled (compared to venules)

Thin walled compared to corresponding artery

Smooth muscle in wall may be circular or longitudinal

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14
Q

Describe lymphatics

A

Thin walled, similar to capillaries and veins

Have valves

Do not contain blood

Contain eosinophilic lymph and may contain lymphocytes

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15
Q

Describe peripheral nerves

A

Composed of axons

Supported by Schwann cells

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16
Q

What is myelin produced by

A

Shwann cells

17
Q

Are most peripheral nerves myelinated or unmyelinated

A

Myelinated - insulting sheath

18
Q

Define epineurium

A

Binds fascicles together to form nerve fibres

19
Q

Define perineurium

A

Surrounds the groups of axons to form fascicles

20
Q

Define endoneurium

A

Present between individual axons

21
Q

What are commonly found together on stains as neuro-vascular bundles

A

Nerve
Arteriole
Venule

22
Q

What does not stain myelin readily

A

H&E

Can be stained with silver stains

23
Q

Describe myelin

A

Insulates axons

A spiral of apposed Schwann cell membranes

Multiple Schwann cells per myelinated axon. One axon per Schwann cell

Schwann cell envelops and spirals around them

24
Q

What are the gaps between Schwann cells called

A

Nodes of Ranvier

25
Q

Define Schwann cells

A

Support one or more axons and produce myelin in some cases

26
Q

Define myelinated axons

A

Larger and transmit impulses faster than unmyelinated ones

27
Q

What is the difference between myelinated and unmyelinated axons

A

Myelinated - one Schwann cells to one axon in one point

Unmyelinated - on Schwann cell multiple axon in one point

28
Q

Do axons stain

A

No, remain white

29
Q

Where are motor neurons found

A

Cell bodies in grey matter of spinal cord

30
Q

Where are sensory neurons found

A

Cell bodies in dorsal root of ganglion

31
Q

Where are sympathetic neurons found

A

Cell bodies in grey matter of cord

AND

in adjacent sympathetic ganglia

32
Q

Where are parasympathetic neurones found

A

Cell bodies in brain and local ganglia

Histology (17 decks)

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