Endocrine Flashcards
What are the common features of the endocrine organs
Glandular epithelium (except posterior pit)
Vascular
Secrete hormones into the circulation
+ and - feedback
What originates the function of the endocrine organs
Pituitary
Describe the posterior pituitary
Downward extension of hypothalamus
Neural tissue
- Axons
- glial cells
Secretes and stores
- oxytocin
- ADH (vasopressin)
Describe the anterior pituitary
Nested epithelial pituicytes
Richly vascular
Fibrous stroma
Several different types of pituicyte, not distinguishable on H&E
What secretes growth hormone
Somatotrophs (50%)
What secretes prolactin
Lactotrophs (25%)
What secretes ACTH, alpha-MSH, beta-lipotropin, beta-endorphin
Corticotrophs (10-20%)
What secretes FSH and LH
Gonadotrophs (10%)
What secretes TSH
Thyrotrophs (1%)
What does the pineal gland secrete
Melatonin
What does the thyroid gland produce
Thyroxine
Calcitonin
What are the three cell types of the parathyroids
Chief cells
Oxyphils
Adipocytes
What does the parathyroids produce
Parathyroid hormone
What cells of the parathyroid which secrete parathyroid hormone
Chief cells
Where are the islets of Langerhans located
Endocrine pancreas
Mostly in the tail
What are the 4 cells of the endocrine pancreas
B (beta) cells
A (alpha) cells
D (delta) cells
PP cells
What do the beta cells of the endocrine pancreas secrete
Insulin
What are the most prominent cells of the endocrine pancreas
Beta cells
What do alpha cells of the endocrine pancreas secrete
Glucagon
What do the delta cells of the endocrine pancreas secrete
Somatostatin
What do the PP cells of the endocrine pancreas secrete
Pancreatic polypeptide
What does the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex secrete
Mineralocorticoids
What does the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex secrete
Glucocorticoids
What does the zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex secrete
Androgenic steroids
What are the cells of the adrenal medulla
Chromaffin cells
What does the adrenal medulla secrete
Adrenalin
Noradrenalin
