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Histology > Epithelia > Flashcards

Epithelia Flashcards

1
Q

What is epithelia

A

Comprise cohesive sheet of cells, with one or more layers, resting on a basement membrane

Think -lining

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2
Q

Define simple epithelia

A

Single layer of cells on a basement membrane

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3
Q

Define stratified (compound) epithelia

A

Two or more layers of cells on a basement membrane

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4
Q

Define simple squamous epithelium

A

Single layer of flattened plate-like cells on a basement membrane

Often the nucleus will look like it stands proud

Parallel oval nuclei (1 per cell)

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5
Q

What does simple squamous epithelium line

A

Blood vessels (endothelium)
Outside the lungs (mesothelium)
Abdominal organs (peritoneum)
Lung alveoli

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6
Q

Define simple cuboidal epithelium

A

Single layer of cells with similar height and width on a basement membrane

Central spherical nuclei (1 per cell)

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7
Q

What do simple cuboidal epithelium line

A

Kidney tubules
Small ducts e.g. salivary glands

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8
Q

Define simple columnar epithelium

A

Single layer of cells taller than they are wide, on a basement membrane

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9
Q

What do simple columnar epithelium line

A

Stomach
Intestines
Uterus

May or may not have cilia or microvilli

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10
Q

Define microvilli

A

Microscopic projections on luminal surface of absorptive cells

Increase surface area
Intestinal brush border

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11
Q

Where would you find microvilli and cilia

A

Columnar epithelium

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12
Q

Give examples of where you would find cilia

A

Respiratory tract
Reproductive tract

Trachea
Fallopian tubes

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13
Q

Define cilia

A

Microscopic projections on luminal surface of cells

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14
Q

Define stratified epithelia

A

More than one layer of cells resting on the basement membrane

Protective function

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15
Q

Where would you find stratified epithelia

A

Areas which are being continually worn down, worn away cells replaced from below

Found at sites subject to abrasive forces
e.g. skin, mouth (action of speaking, eating), oesophagus, vagina, cervix

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16
Q

In stratified epithelia where do cells start

A

Resting on basement membrane - quite immature

As develop pushed up by new cells forming underneath them

17
Q

Define stratified squamous epithelium

A

Multiple layers of cells on basement membrane

Mature surface layers are plate like-squames

18
Q

Where would you find stratified squamous epithelium

A

Mouth
Oropharynx
Oesophagus
Vagina

19
Q

What are the two types of stratified squamous epithelium

A

Keratinised - skin
Non-keratinised

20
Q

What is the role of keratin

A

Waterproof epithelium

Wet sites of the body will not find keratin production

21
Q

Define pseudostratified epithelium

A

Single layer of cells of variable height

Mimicking multiple layers on basement membrane

All cells in contact with basement membrane

22
Q

Where would you find pseudostratified epithelium

A

Lines the conducting airways

23
Q

What is another name for pseudostratified ciliated epithelium

A

Respiratory epithelium

24
Q

Define urothelium

A

Specialised stratified epithelium

Breaks the rules -

Surface layer of umbrella cells

Cells between umbrella cells appear 3-7 layers thick and this layer is pseudostratified

25
Q

What is another name for urothelium

A

Transitional epithelium

26
Q

Where is urothelium found

A

Lines collecting part of the urinary tract
- Bladder
- Ureter
- Renal pelvis

27
Q

What is the significance of the basement membrane

A

Always present

Infer presence between difference in epithelium and underling tissue

28
Q

What stain would you use if you wanted to see the basement membrane

A

PAS - stains basement membrane magenta

29
Q

What is the basement membrane

A

Composed of several extra-cellular proteins including collagen IV and fibronectin

Essential for the proper functioning and survival of the epithelium

30
Q

What is important for the proper functioning of the epithelium

A

Basement membrane and epithelial junctions

31
Q

What are epithelial junctions

A

Occluding (tight) junctions

Band-like fusions between cells that are impervious to most molecules

Prevent diffusion between cells

32
Q

What is the role of desmosomes in epithelial junctions

A

Anchoring/Adherent junctions

Plaques that form physical joins between cells and connect the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells

Spread forces across several cells

Prominent in the skin - places where abrasive

33
Q

What is the role of gap junctions

A

e.g. communicating junctions

Electrical junctions that permit the transfer of small molecules

Electrically couple adjacent cells

34
Q

Where are microvilli found

A

Absorptive epithelial cells e.g. gut and kidney tubules

35
Q

How many cilia are there per epithelial cell

A

300

36
Q

What do all epithelial have

A

Basement membrane

Histology (17 decks)

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