urinary system - practice Qs Flashcards
components of the urinary system inlcude
a. two kidneys
b. two ureters
c. one urinary bladder
d. one urethra
e. all of the above
E
which of the following is not a function of the kidneys
a. production and release of calcitrol and erythropoietin
b. storage of urine
c. regulation of blood composition and pH
d. regulation of blood volume and pressure
e. maintenance of blood osmolarity
B
each of the following is a waste product normally secreted by the kidneys except
a. urea
b. bilirubin
c. glucose
d. ammonia
e. creatinine
C
the kidneys
a. are retroperitoneal and are attached to the posterior abdominal wall
b. are partially protected by ribs 6-9
c. are surrounded by capsules of epithelial tissue
d. are protected from mechanical trauma by a thick layer of loose connective tissue
e. have concave lateral borders
A
the layer of the kidney superficial to the renal pyramids but deep to the renal capsule is the
a. renal pelvis
b. renal pyramid
c. renal medulla
d. renal cortex
e. renal papilla
D
place the following structures in the order in which urine would normally pass through them
renal sinus, papillary duct, renal pelvis, major calyx, minor calyx
papillary duct, minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, NEVER renal sinus
the blood vessels that supply the kidneys are the
a. suprarenal arteries
b. gonadal arteries
c. branches of the celiac artery
d. cystic arteries
e. renal arteries
E
which of the following is true of nephrons
a. they are the functional units of kidneys
b. most of the nephrons are located entirely in the renal medulla
c. the proximal convoluted tubules allow the kidneys to concentrate or dilute urine
d. the collecting ducts of several nephrons empty into a single collecting duct
e. there are about a billion nephrons in each kidney
A
place the following in the order that a molecule of water would ordinarily pass through them
collecting duct, descending loop of henle, papillary duct, glomerulus, ascending loop of henle, glomerular capsule, distal convoluted tubule, proximal convoluted tubule
glomerulus, glomerular capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, descending loop of henle, ascending loop of henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct, papillary duct
which of the following is correct
a. loss of 10% of a person’s kidney function may not result in clinically observable effects
b. as a person grows, the number of nephrons in his or her kidney stays constant
c. if one kidney is removed, the other nephrons in the other kidney will hypertrophy
d. a and b are correct
e. a, b and c are correct
E
each of the following can ordinarily cross the filtration membrane except
a. small proteins
b. water
c. platelets
d. ions
e. monosaccharides
C
a patient has both systemic lupus erythematosus, which has damaged her liver, and insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, which has damaged her kidneys. As the diseases have progressed, the edema she experiences worsens. why
a. liver damage prevents her from making sufficient plasma proteins, thus lowering her BCOP
b. kidney damage allows some of her plasma proteins to be excreted, thus lowering her BCOP
c. kidney damage allows little fluid to accumulate in the Bowman’s capsule, lowering her CHP
d. a and b are correct
e. a, b, and c are correct
D
the hormone with the most important role in regulating Na+ and K+ balance is
a. aldosterone
b. ADH
c. PTH
d. androgen
e. a and d are correct
a
which of the following tests is most beneficial in evaluating kidney function
a. blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
b. plasma creatinine level
c. renal plasma clearance
d. urinalysis
e. a and d are most beneficial
D
which of the following statements about the uterers is not correct
a. transport urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder
b. are separated from the urinary bladder by an anatomical valve
c. are lined with a mucous membrane, have a middle muscular layer and an outer serosa
d. rely on a combination of gravity, hydrostatic pressure and gravity to move urine
e. enter the urinary bladder on its posterior
B
