urinary system pathology Flashcards
what are some clinical indications of urinary pathology
flank pain
pain urinating
difficulty urinting
heamaturia
urinary trct nfections
when is uktrasound used pathological imaging
for pregnant, peadeatric, or patients that have had multiple images
clinical indications incude heamaturia, flank pain and UTI
WHAT IS HYDRONEPHROSIS
this is the dilation of the renal pelivs and the calyces due to an overaccumilaton of urine which leads to fibrosis and destruction of the nephron
what is renal calculi/kiney stones
this is the hardening of urinary depositories and they are common in men over 30
they orignate in the collecting tubules and pass through the urinary pelvis but some grow to be soo large that they block urine flow from the pelvis
appears on imaging as acoustic shadows
what is renal cell carcinoma
this s the most common type of renal cancer that opccurs commonly in men aged 50-70 and the cancer attacks the renal vein
smoking obesity and hypertension are associated risk factors
what is horshoe kidney
this is when the lower kidney poles are close to the midline
what is chronic kidney disease
this is when the glomerular filtration rate is 20% below the normal rate which leads to accumilation of waste products in the blood
common risk factors are diabetes and hypertension
what pathology is imaged using non enhanced CT
kidney stones/renal calculi
what clnical indications call for enhanced ct viewing
bladder cancer, heamaturia
why is furosemide used
to maintain kidney secretion to be able to see contrast draining from the ureters
MRI is used to view Von Hippel-Lindau disease. what is this syndrome
VHP is the blood vessel tumnourws of the vbrain spinalk chord and the eys and patients with VHL syndrome run risk of also having renalk cancer
