Respiratory systemm anatomy physiology and imaging

Question 1

what is the function of the respiratory system

Answer 1

provides a large suraface area for gas exchange between the air and the blood
moves air through the respiratory pathways

protects from pathogens

Question 2

list the parts of the upper respiratory

Answer 2

nasal cavities
larynx
pharynxx

Question 3

what are the fuinctions of the nasal cavity

Answer 3

the nasal cavity is for smelling breathing and humidification

Question 4

what is the function of the stratified ciliated epithilium

Answer 4

these line the nasal passages and have cilia cells which will trap any foreign bodies present in the air that we breath

they also have goblet cells that will produce mucus

Question 5

what are the different nasal concha

Answer 5

middle, inferior and superior nasal conchas

Question 6

what is the pharynxs function

Answer 6

the pharynx serves as a passageway for food
it is also used in hearimn g as the auditory tube connects the nasopharynx to the middle ear so that the tympanic membranbe can work

the tonsils produce antibodies in response to antigens

andf also for speach as a resonating chamber ascends from the larynx

Question 7

what is the function of the larynx

Answer 7

the larynx provides an open airway and also protects the respiratoryn system

Question 8

what is the hyoid bone

Answer 8

the hyoid bone lies at the C3 and is the only free floating bone in the body

Question 9

what is the eppiglotties

Answer 9

it is a piece of the soft tissue which lies at the base of the mouth to close the trachea to prevent food entering the airway

Question 10

describe the shape of the trachea

Answer 10

it is cylindrically shaped

Question 11

describe the bronchial tree

Answer 11

the bronchial tree is branched from the trachea and have 2 main left and right bronchi which branch off into lobar bronchi and to other segmental bronchi which further branch into the broinchiols which then reach the alveoli for gas exchange

Question 12

describe external respiration

Answer 12

external respiration takes place between the alveoli and the blood in the capillaries of the alveoli via diffuesion accross the respiratory membrane

Question 13

Internal respiration

Answer 13

this is when oxygen is carried in the blood which is in a solution in the plasma. the oxygen is carried in the red blood cells where the oxygen then binds to heamoglobin in order to form oxyheamogblobin

Question 14

what is an oxygen saturation level

Answer 14

this 8is a measure of the amount of oxygen present in the haemoglobin and is an indication of blood oxygen content at which normal levels sit at around 100%

Question 15

what is hypoxia

Answer 15

this is a condition in which there is not enough oxygen reaching the body tissue due to a low oxygen saturation

Question 16

what is the function of the lungs

Answer 16

the function of the lungs is to absorpt oxygen into the blood and to release arbon dioxide to the air

Question 17

what are the respiratory muscles

Answer 17

these are the muscles that are involved in breathing are are fatigue resistant

the muscles involves in breathing are the external and internal intercotsal muscles and the diaphragm

Question 18

describe the diaphragm

Answer 18

the diaphragm is dome shaped and wgen we inspire, external intercostal muscles contract and the diaphragm expands and moves down to create a larger surface area for gas exchange

when we expire the internal intercostal muscles wil contract and the diaphragm will move upwards

Question 19

how is the autonomic nervous sustem involved in breathing

Answer 19

the sympathetyic and parasympathetic nerves work together in the involunterty controll of breathing
the sympathetic nerves control the dilation of the bronchial tree while the parasympathetic nerves control the constriction of thebronchial tree