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Anatomy - Sav > Urinary System Development- Articulate > Flashcards

Urinary System Development- Articulate Flashcards

1
Q

From which embryologic germ layer is the urinary system derived?

A

Intermediate mesoderm

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2
Q

The intermediate mesoderm swells to form

A

Genital ridge & Nephrogenic Cord/Ridge

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3
Q

As they ascend, the kidneys pass through an arterial fork formed by the _________ arteries?

A

Umbilical arteries

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4
Q

The definitive kidney arises from?

A

Metanephros

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5
Q

Appears at the beginning of the 4th week, degenerated by the end of the 4th week

A

Pronephros

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6
Q

Not functional in humans

A

Rudimentary

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7
Q

What region is the Pronephros found within

A

Cervical

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8
Q

Is the Pronephros functional?

A

No

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9
Q

Appears early in week 4, functional until week 10

A

Mesonephros

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10
Q

Where does the mesonephros range?

A

From intermediate mesoderm of upper thoracic to upper lumbar segments

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11
Q

Is the Mesonephros functional?

A

Yes

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12
Q

When does the metanephros appear?

A

5th week

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13
Q

Two components of metanephros?

A

Uteric bud

Metanephric blastema

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14
Q

Derivative of Metanephric blastema

A

Excretory portion

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15
Q

Derivative or Ureteric bud

A

Collecting ducts

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16
Q

Derivatives of Ureteric bud

A

-Collecting tubules
• Major & Minor Calyces
• Renal Pelvis
• Ureter

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17
Q

Derivatives of Metanephric blastema

A
  • Bowmans capsule
  • Proximal convoluted tubules
  • Loop of Henle
  • Distal convoluted tubule
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18
Q

Excretory units

A

Nephrons

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19
Q

Triangular area of the incorporated mesonephric duct on posterior bladder wall

A

Trigone of bladder

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20
Q

2 systems of urogenital system

A
  • Urinary system

- Genital system

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21
Q

Where does the urogenital system develop from?

A

Intermediate mesoderm

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22
Q

Swells to form urogenital ridge

A

Intermediate mesoderm

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23
Q

What does the urogenital ridge differentiate into

A
  • Genital ridge

- Nephrogenic cord/ridge

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24
Q

Becomes retroperitoneal

as a result of lateral body folding

A

Nephrogenic cord (ridge)

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25
Q

Rudimentary; never functional in humans

A

Pronephros

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26
Q

Functional for short time (early fetal period);

most of system disappears

A

Mesonephros

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27
Q

Forms permanent kidney

A

Metanephros

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28
Q

How do the kidney systems develop?

A

Cranial to caudal sequence

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29
Q

Represented by 7-10 solid cell groups in intermediate

mesoderm of cervical region

A

Pronephros

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30
Q

Degenerated by end of week 4

A

Pronephric

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31
Q

Derived from intermediate mesoderm of upper thoracic to upper lumbar (L3)
segments

A

Mesonephros

32
Q

Characterized by excretory units (nephrons) & collecting duct (mesonephric/Wolffian
duct)

A

Mesonephros

33
Q

When are the excretory units of the mesonephros functional?

A

between weeks 6th-10

34
Q

Urine produces and drained along ___ to cloaca

A

Mesonephric (Wolffian) duct

35
Q

First excretory tubules of mesonephros appear

A

4th week

36
Q

Tubules lengthen rapidly; form S-shaped loop; acquire tuft of capillaries

A

Glomerulus

37
Q

Tubules surrounding glomerulus form

A

Bowman’s capsule

38
Q

Tubules enter longitudinal collecting duct

A

Mesonephric (Wolffian) duct

39
Q

First appear as solid longitudinal

rods within intermediate mesoderm

A

Mesonephric (Wolffian) Ducts

40
Q

What contributes to posterior wall of future bladder?

A

Rods of Mesonephric (wolffian) ducts grow caudally & fuse with cloaca

41
Q

What direction does canalization progress?

A

Cranially

42
Q

Rods cavitate at caudal ends and form a

A

Lumen

43
Q

What induces the formation of ureteric bud?

A

Caudal end of mesonephric duct

44
Q

When does the metanephros appear?

A

5th week

45
Q

Sprouts from caudal end of each mesonephric duct

A

Uteric bud

46
Q

Metanephric diverticulum

A

Uteric bud

47
Q

Ureteric bud grows into surrounding mesenchyme known as the

A

Metanephric blastema

48
Q

Becomes molded over bud like a cap

A

Metanephric blastema

49
Q

Gives rise to collecting portion of permanent

kidney

A

Uteric bud

50
Q

Definitive kidney formed from the metanephros becomes functional

A

12th week

51
Q

Swallowed by fetus & recycled through kidneys

A

Urine

52
Q

In fetus, main function of kidneys isn’t excretion of wastes à carried
out predominately by

A

Placent

53
Q

Fetal urine contributes to

A

Amniotic fluid

54
Q

Where is urine passed into in fetus?

A

Amniotic cavity and mixes with amniotic fluid

55
Q

Differentiation of metanephric nephrons reliant on interaction (inductive signals) from ureteric bud

A

Reciprocal Induction

56
Q

What happens if uteric bud is abnormal or missing?

A

Nephron does not develop

57
Q

Where are kidneys initially positioned?

A

Pelvic region

58
Q

During ascent, receive blood supply from arteries off aorta at continuously higher levels

A

The vessels degenerate

59
Q

During ascent, kidneys pass through arterial ‘fork’ formed by

A

Umbilical arteries

60
Q

Complication of kidney formation may lead to

A

Pelvic kidney or Horseshoe kidney

61
Q

Kidney remains in pelvis close to

common iliac a

A

Pelvic kidney

62
Q

Kidneys pushed so close together during passage through umbilical arterial fork, that lower poles fuse

A

Horseshoe kidney

63
Q

Usually at lower lumbar level; ascent prevented by root of inferior mesenteric a.

A

Horseshoe kidney

64
Q

What does the Urorectal septum divides the cloaca into?

A

Urogenital sinus

Anal canal

65
Q

Three portions of the ureogenital sinus

A
  • Vesical part
  • Pelvic part
  • Phallic part
66
Q

Gives rise to the bladder

A

Vesical part of the urogenital sinus

67
Q

Caudal ends of mesonephric ducts and attached ureteric buds become incorporated into

A

Posterior wall of bladder

68
Q

Process brings opening of utereric buds into

A

Bladder wall

69
Q

Opening of mesonephric ducts are carried inferiorly to the level of

A

Pelvic urethra

70
Q

Triangular area of the incorporated

mesonephric duct on posterior bladder wall

A

Trigone of bladder

71
Q

Give rise to urethra

A

Pelvic & Phallic part of urogenital sinus

72
Q

Pelvic part of ureogenital sinus in female

A

Urethra

73
Q

Pelvic part of ureogenital sinus in male

A
  • Prostatic urethra

- Membranous urethra

74
Q

Phallic part of urogenital sinus in female

A

Contribute to vestibule of vagina

75
Q

Phallic part of urogenital sinus in male

A

Penile (spongy) urethra

76
Q

Is the genital or nephrogenic ridge more lateral in development

A

nephrogenic ridge

Anatomy - Sav (10 decks)

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