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Anatomy - Sav > Urinary System Development- Articulate > Flashcards

Urinary System Development- Articulate Flashcards

1
Q

From which embryologic germ layer is the urinary system derived?

A

Intermediate mesoderm

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2
Q

The intermediate mesoderm swells to form

A

Genital ridge & Nephrogenic Cord/Ridge

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3
Q

As they ascend, the kidneys pass through an arterial fork formed by the _________ arteries?

A

Umbilical arteries

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4
Q

The definitive kidney arises from?

A

Metanephros

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5
Q

Appears at the beginning of the 4th week, degenerated by the end of the 4th week

A

Pronephros

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6
Q

Not functional in humans

A

Rudimentary

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7
Q

What region is the Pronephros found within

A

Cervical

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8
Q

Is the Pronephros functional?

A

No

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9
Q

Appears early in week 4, functional until week 10

A

Mesonephros

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10
Q

Where does the mesonephros range?

A

From intermediate mesoderm of upper thoracic to upper lumbar segments

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11
Q

Is the Mesonephros functional?

A

Yes

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12
Q

When does the metanephros appear?

A

5th week

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13
Q

Two components of metanephros?

A

Uteric bud

Metanephric blastema

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14
Q

Derivative of Metanephric blastema

A

Excretory portion

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15
Q

Derivative or Ureteric bud

A

Collecting ducts

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16
Q

Derivatives of Ureteric bud

A

-Collecting tubules
• Major & Minor Calyces
• Renal Pelvis
• Ureter

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17
Q

Derivatives of Metanephric blastema

A
  • Bowmans capsule
  • Proximal convoluted tubules
  • Loop of Henle
  • Distal convoluted tubule
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18
Q

Excretory units

A

Nephrons

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19
Q

Triangular area of the incorporated mesonephric duct on posterior bladder wall

A

Trigone of bladder

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20
Q

2 systems of urogenital system

A
  • Urinary system

- Genital system

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21
Q

Where does the urogenital system develop from?

A

Intermediate mesoderm

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22
Q

Swells to form urogenital ridge

A

Intermediate mesoderm

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23
Q

What does the urogenital ridge differentiate into

A
  • Genital ridge

- Nephrogenic cord/ridge

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24
Q

Becomes retroperitoneal

as a result of lateral body folding

A

Nephrogenic cord (ridge)

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25
Rudimentary; never functional in humans
Pronephros
26
Functional for short time (early fetal period); | most of system disappears
Mesonephros
27
Forms permanent kidney
Metanephros
28
How do the kidney systems develop?
Cranial to caudal sequence
29
Represented by 7-10 solid cell groups in intermediate | mesoderm of cervical region
Pronephros
30
Degenerated by end of week 4
Pronephric
31
Derived from intermediate mesoderm of upper thoracic to upper lumbar (L3) segments
Mesonephros
32
Characterized by excretory units (nephrons) & collecting duct (mesonephric/Wolffian duct)
Mesonephros
33
When are the excretory units of the mesonephros functional?
between weeks 6th-10
34
Urine produces and drained along ___ to cloaca
Mesonephric (Wolffian) duct
35
First excretory tubules of mesonephros appear
4th week
36
Tubules lengthen rapidly; form S-shaped loop; acquire tuft of capillaries
Glomerulus
37
Tubules surrounding glomerulus form
Bowman's capsule
38
Tubules enter longitudinal collecting duct
Mesonephric (Wolffian) duct
39
First appear as solid longitudinal | rods within intermediate mesoderm
Mesonephric (Wolffian) Ducts
40
What contributes to posterior wall of future bladder?
Rods of Mesonephric (wolffian) ducts grow caudally & fuse with cloaca
41
What direction does canalization progress?
Cranially
42
Rods cavitate at caudal ends and form a
Lumen
43
What induces the formation of ureteric bud?
Caudal end of mesonephric duct
44
When does the metanephros appear?
5th week
45
Sprouts from caudal end of each mesonephric duct
Uteric bud
46
Metanephric diverticulum
Uteric bud
47
Ureteric bud grows into surrounding mesenchyme known as the
Metanephric blastema
48
Becomes molded over bud like a cap
Metanephric blastema
49
Gives rise to collecting portion of permanent | kidney
Uteric bud
50
Definitive kidney formed from the metanephros becomes functional
12th week
51
Swallowed by fetus & recycled through kidneys
Urine
52
In fetus, main function of kidneys isn’t excretion of wastes à carried out predominately by
Placent
53
Fetal urine contributes to
Amniotic fluid
54
Where is urine passed into in fetus?
Amniotic cavity and mixes with amniotic fluid
55
Differentiation of metanephric nephrons reliant on interaction (inductive signals) from ureteric bud
Reciprocal Induction
56
What happens if uteric bud is abnormal or missing?
Nephron does not develop
57
Where are kidneys initially positioned?
Pelvic region
58
During ascent, receive blood supply from arteries off aorta at continuously higher levels
The vessels degenerate
59
During ascent, kidneys pass through arterial ‘fork’ formed by
Umbilical arteries
60
Complication of kidney formation may lead to
Pelvic kidney or Horseshoe kidney
61
Kidney remains in pelvis close to | common iliac a
Pelvic kidney
62
Kidneys pushed so close together during passage through umbilical arterial fork, that lower poles fuse
Horseshoe kidney
63
Usually at lower lumbar level; ascent prevented by root of inferior mesenteric a.
Horseshoe kidney
64
What does the Urorectal septum divides the cloaca into?
Urogenital sinus | Anal canal
65
Three portions of the ureogenital sinus
- Vesical part - Pelvic part - Phallic part
66
Gives rise to the bladder
Vesical part of the urogenital sinus
67
Caudal ends of mesonephric ducts and attached ureteric buds become incorporated into
Posterior wall of bladder
68
Process brings opening of utereric buds into
Bladder wall
69
Opening of mesonephric ducts are carried inferiorly to the level of
Pelvic urethra
70
Triangular area of the incorporated | mesonephric duct on posterior bladder wall
Trigone of bladder
71
Give rise to urethra
Pelvic & Phallic part of urogenital sinus
72
Pelvic part of ureogenital sinus in female
Urethra
73
Pelvic part of ureogenital sinus in male
- Prostatic urethra | - Membranous urethra
74
Phallic part of urogenital sinus in female
Contribute to vestibule of vagina
75
Phallic part of urogenital sinus in male
Penile (spongy) urethra
76
Is the genital or nephrogenic ridge more lateral in development
nephrogenic ridge

Anatomy - Sav (10 decks)

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