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Anatomy - Sav > Diaphragm, Kidneys & Posterior Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Diaphragm, Kidneys & Posterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

Comes from the ventral rami of the cervical plexus of nerves

A

Phrenic nerve

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2
Q

Keep me breathing and alive

A

C3, C4, C5

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3
Q

Innervates the diaphragm, mostly motor but also sensory

A

Phrenic Nerve

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4
Q

What does the sensory fibers of the phrenic nerve anatomose with

A

Intercostal sensory fibers

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5
Q

Supplies R & L hemidiaphragms

A

Phrenic Nerve

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6
Q

Supplies lateral borders and some sensory

A

Intercostal Nerve

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7
Q

Sole motor innervation to the diaphragm

A

Phrenic nerve

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8
Q

What percent sensory is the phrenic nerve?

A

30%

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9
Q

Irritation to both the superior and inferior surfaces of the CENTRAL part of the diaphragm is carried by

A

Sensory fibers in the phrenic nerve

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10
Q

Irritation to the superior and inferior surfaces of the PERIPHERAL portions of the is carried by the

A

Intercostal nerve

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11
Q

Originate from C3-C5 spinal segments

A

Phrenic nerve

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12
Q

What happens to a paralyzed hemidiaphragm?

A

It cannot contract
+Remains high in thorax
+recognizable on radiographic chest films

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13
Q

Why do people with cervical cord injuries become paralyzed?

A

Paralysis of diaphragmatic respiration (phrenic nerve)

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14
Q

One side of the diaphragm

A

Hemidiaphragm

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15
Q

What happens during expiration?

A

Diaphragm raises & abdominal wall contracts

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16
Q

Aortic hiatus aperature

A

T12

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17
Q

Esophageal hiatus aperature

A

T10

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18
Q

Vena cava foramen aperature

A

T8

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19
Q

Arches over aorta

A

1 Median arcuate ligament

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20
Q

Arch over psoas mm

A

2 medial arcuate ligaments

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21
Q

Arch over the quadratus lumborum mm

A

2 lateral arcuate ligaments

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22
Q
  • Supply superior surface (via int. thoracic a & thoracic aorta)
  • Superior phrenic aa branch off aorta in thoracic cavity
A

Pericardiacophrenic & superior phrenic aa

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23
Q

Supply inferior surface (via abdominal aorta

A

Inferior phrenic aa

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24
Q

Supply periphery of diaphragm (via int. thoracic aa.)

A

Musculophrenic aa

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25
Q

Venous drainage is via accompanying

A

vv to IVC

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26
Q

Where is the superior pole of the left kidney?

A

11th rib

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27
Q

Where is the superior pole of the right kidney?

A

12th rib

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28
Q

Kidney locations

A

Lateral to vertebral column T12-L3

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29
Q

What is the located between the renal fascia and the kidney

A

Perirenal / perinephric fat

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30
Q

Where do kidneys ascend from during development?

A

Pelvis

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31
Q

Kidney remains anterior to sacrum

A

Ectopic pelvic

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32
Q

Kidney remains below IMA

A

Horseshoe

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33
Q

Placed in lower abdomen

A

transplanted kidneys

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34
Q

Another name for adrenal glands

A

Suprarenal

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35
Q

What is found between the two kidneys?

A

Vascular supply and drainage for the kidneys

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36
Q

Where things enter and exit through the kidney

A

Hilum

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37
Q

Anterior and posterior to retroperitoneal kidney

A

Renal fascia

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38
Q

Outside of renal fascia

A

Paranephric fat

39
Q

Filters blood plasma that is excreted as urine

A

Kidney

40
Q

Where tissues get exposure to blood. Capillary plexus in kidneys

A

Glomeruli

41
Q

Outer 1/3 of kidney

A

Renal cortex

42
Q

Inner 2/3 of kidney

A

Renal medulla

43
Q

Where are the renal pyramids located

A

In the renal medulla

44
Q

Receive apex of pyramids

A

Renal papillae

45
Q

Order of urine

A

Renal papillae – Minor calyces– Major calyces – Renal pelvis – Ureter– Urinary bladder– Urethra

46
Q

Collecting tip of kidney

A

Renal papillae

47
Q

Which renal artery is longer?

A

Right

48
Q

What passes post to IVC?

A

Right renal artery

49
Q

Where do the renal veins attatch to?

A

IVC

50
Q

Anterior to renal arteries

A

Renal veins

51
Q

Which renal vein is longer

A

Left

52
Q

Passes anterior to aorta

A

Left renal vein

53
Q

Where do lymphatics drain?

A

Venous system

54
Q

What happens after the GI tract absorbs?

A

Goes through portal system to the liver

55
Q

Recieves (urine) at tips / apex of pyramids

A

Renal papillae

56
Q

Final excretion out of the body

A

Urethra

57
Q

Where do ureter arteries arise from ?

A

Renal Artery
Testicular or Ovarian Artery
Abdominal aorta or common iliac a.
Internal iliac artery (pelvic cavity)

58
Q

Where do veins of ureters drain into

A

Similarly named vv

59
Q

Another name for kidney stones

A

Calculi

60
Q

Ultrasonic crushing of kidney stones

A

Lithotripsy

61
Q

Form in kidney and progress to renal pelvis

A

Kidney stones

62
Q

Moves inferoanteriorly towards groin

A

Pain of kidney stones

63
Q

Where is the referred pain of kidney stones?

A

From side and back between ribs to pelvis to inguinal

-Area of cutanous innervation T11-12

64
Q
  • Roughly triangular

- Lies superior to R kidney posterior to IVC

A

Right Adrenal Gland

65
Q
  • Semilunar

- Lies superomedial to L kidney near hilum

A

Left adrenal gland

66
Q

Parts of the adrenal gland

A

Fibrous capsule
Adrenal Cortex
Adrenal medulla

67
Q

Produces adrenal steriods

A

Adrenal cortex

68
Q

Act as sympathetic ganglion

A

Adrenal medulla

69
Q

Why are the adrenal glands richly vascularized?

A

Because of their endocrine function

70
Q
  • Transversus abdominus m.
  • Quadratus lumborum m.
  • Psoas major m
  • Iliacus m.
  • Psoas minor m.
  • Diaphragm
A

Posterior abdominal wall musculature

71
Q

Where does the aorta bifurcate

A

L4

72
Q

Level of umbilicus

A

L4

73
Q

Ventral rami

A

T12-L4

74
Q

Located beneath fascia of posterior abdominal muscles

A

Lumbar plexus of nerves

75
Q

1 cm inferior to 12th rib

A

Subcostal nerve

76
Q
  • Supplies sensory to ant./lat. abd. wall

- Supplies motor to abdominal mm.: EO, IO, TA, pyramidalis, RA, QL

A

Subcostal nerve

77
Q
  • Can arise from common trunk

- Descend anteriorly to QL

A

Iliohypogastric & Ilioinguinal nerves

78
Q

Supplies skin of suprapubic region

A

Iliohypogastric nerve

79
Q

Runs through inguinal call to supply it

A

Ilioinguinal nerve

80
Q

Supply abominal muscles

A

Iliohypogastric and Ilioinguinal nerves

81
Q
  • Pierces psoas major

- Descends along anterior surface

A

Genitofemoral Nerve

82
Q

Splits to femoral branch and genital branch

A

Genitofemoral Nerve

83
Q

Supplies skin inferiorly and medially to inguinal ligement

A

Genitofemoral Nerve

84
Q

Supplies cremaster muscle (of spermatic cord)

A

Genitofemoral Nerve

85
Q
  • Descends anterior to iliacus muscle
  • Passes deep to inguinal ring
  • Inferior to ASIS
A

Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve

86
Q

Supplie anterior and lateral skin of thigh

A

Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve

87
Q
  • Runs between Iliacus & psoas major
  • Passes deep to inguinal ligament
  • Inferior to ASIS
A

Femoral Nerve

88
Q

Supplies sensory & motor to anterior thigh

A

Femoral Nerve

89
Q
  • Runs medial to psoas major muscle

- Passes through obturator foramen

A

Obturator Nerve

90
Q

Supplies sensory & motor to medial thigh

A

Obturator Nerve

91
Q
  • Large nerve trunk, crosses over ala of sacrum

- Descends into pelvis to help from sacral plexus

A

Lumbosacral Trunk

92
Q

Provides general contribution to both plexuses

A

Lumbosacral Trunk

93
Q

What type of fat associated with the kidney extends into the hilum

A

perirenal / perinephric

94
Q

what type of tissue is located outside the renal fascia

A

perarenal / peranephric fat

Anatomy - Sav (10 decks)

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