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Anatomy - Sav > Reproductive System Development - Articulate > Flashcards

Reproductive System Development - Articulate Flashcards

1
Q

Major and minor calices develop, Kidneys begin to ascend, Nephrons begin to form, they will connect to collecting tubules and function by 10 weeks

A

Week 6-7

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2
Q

Urogentital ridges form from the intermediate mesoderm, and germ cells migrate from the gut wall. Ureteric buds have entered the metanephric mesoderm.

A

Week 5

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3
Q

The “indifferent” stage with identical primordia in both sexes

A

2 months

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4
Q

In males, primary sex cords from seminiferous tubules. In females, secondary sex cords from ovarian follicles

A

10-12 weeks

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5
Q

External genitalia develop

A

3 months

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6
Q

Testes pass through the inguinal canal into the scrotum

A

8-9 months

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7
Q

What is the urogenital system divided into

A

Urinary system & reproductive (genital system)

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8
Q

Where do the Urinary and reproductive system develop from?

A

Intermediate mesoderm

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9
Q

Intermediate mesoderm swells to form the

A

Urogenital ridge

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10
Q

What does the urogenital ridge differentiate into?

A

Genital ridge & Nephrogenic cord/ridge

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11
Q

Formation & differentiation of gonads begins with arrival of

A

Primordial germ cells

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12
Q

Where do primoridal germ cells enter to begin gonad formation

A

intermediate mesoderm

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13
Q

rimordial germ cells migrate from wall of the yolk sac, along the dorsal mesentery of the hindgut

A

4th week

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14
Q

Primordial germ cells arrive at primitive gonads

A

5th week

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15
Q

Primoridal germ cells invade genital ridges

A

6th week

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16
Q

What happens if the germ cells fail to reach the ridges?

A

Gonads do not develop

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17
Q

When is the sex of the embryo genetically determined

A

At the time of fertilization

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18
Q

Gonads begin as pair of longitudinal ridges

A

Genital (gonadal) ridges

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19
Q

How are the genital ridges formed

A

Proliferation of epithelium & condensation of underlying mesenchyme

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20
Q

Epithelial cells of the genital ridge penetrates underlying…

A

Mesenchyme

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21
Q

Epithelium of genital ridge proliferates to form a number of irregularly- shaped cords

A

Primitive sex cords

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22
Q

Impossible to differentiate between male and femal when the genital ridge proliferates

A

Indifferent gonad

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23
Q

During the indifferent gonad stage, both males & females have two pairs of genital ducts called

A

Mesonephric (wolffian) ducts Paramesonephric (Mullerian) ducts

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24
Q

Open into urogenital sinus on either side of the sinus tubercle

A

Mesonephric (Wolffian) ducts

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25
Q

Runs lateral to mesonephric duct; crosses ventrally

A

Paramesonephric (Müllerian) ducts

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26
Q

In midline, comes in close contact with paramesonephric duct from opposite side

A

Paramesonephric (Müllerian) ducts

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27
Q

Caudal tip of combined ducts projects into posterior wall of urogenital sinus; causes small swelling

A

Sinus tubercle

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28
Q

If embryo is genetically male, primordial germ cells carry an

A

XY chromosome complex

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29
Q

Houses SRY gene

A

Y chromosome

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30
Q

Leads to the developement of testes

A

Testis-determining factor (TDF)

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31
Q

Encodes for testis-determining factor (TDF)

A

SRY gene

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32
Q

Under influence of SRY gene, Primitive sex cords continue to proliferate & penetrate deep into the medulla to form the

A

Testis (medullary) cords

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33
Q

Y chromosome -> SRY gene -> TDF -> Testis

A

Just a note

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34
Q

Primitive sex cords proliferate & penetrate deep into medulla to form

A

Testis (medullary) cords

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35
Q

Towardshilumof testis, testis cords break up into network of tiny cell strands which give rise to

A

Rete testis

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36
Q

Dense layer of fibrous connective tissue; separates testis cords from surface epithelium

A

Tunica albuginea

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37
Q

Testis cords become horseshoe-shaped & continuous with rete testis

A

4th month

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38
Q

What are the testis cords composed of?

A

Primitive germ cells Sertoli cells (sustentacular cells)

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39
Q

Supporting cells

A

Sertoli cells (sustentacular cells)

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40
Q

Where are Sertoli cells (sustentacular cells) derived from?

A

Testis surface epithelium

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41
Q

Where are Leydig cells derived from?

A

Mesenchyme of gonadal ridge

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42
Q

Lie between the testis cords

A

Leydig cells

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43
Q

Another name for leydig cells

A

Interstitial cells

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44
Q

What do leydig cells produce?

A

Testosterone

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45
Q

What week to leydig cells begin to produce testosterone?

A

Week 8

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46
Q

Allows testis able to influence sexual differentiation of genital ducts & external genitalia

A

Testosterone

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47
Q

Remain solid until puberty

A

Testis cord

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48
Q

Testis cords acquire a lumen and become

A

Seminiferous tubules

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49
Q

Seminiferous tubules join rete testis tubules which enter

A

Ductuli Efferentes (Efferent ductules)

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50
Q

Link rete testes & mesonephric (wolffian) duct

A

Efferent ductules

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51
Q

Mesonephric (wolffian) duct gives rise to

A

Ductus deferens (vas deferens)

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52
Q

Stimulates genital ducts to develope

A

Testosterone

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53
Q

What do mesonephric ducts form?

A

-Efferent ductules -Epididymis -Vas Deferens (ductus deferens) -Seminal Vesicle -Ejaculatory Duct EEE VS

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54
Q

Produce Anti-Müllerianhormone (AMH)/Müllerian inhibiting substance (MIS)

A

Sertoli cells

55
Q

Causes paramesonephric ducts to degenerate

A

Sertoli cells

56
Q

What don’t sertoli cells degenerate?

A

Appendix testis- small portion at cranial ends

57
Q

Where do testes develop?

A

Retroperitoneally in abdominal region

58
Q

Move caudally & pass through abdominal wall to reach scrotum

A

Testes

59
Q

How do testes pass through abdominal wall?

A

Inguinal canal

60
Q

Condensation of mesenchyme extending from caudal pole of testis; anchors testis to floor of scrotum & assists in its descent into scrotum

A

Gubernaculum

61
Q

Evagination of peritoneum from abdominal cavity

A

Processus vaginalis (vaginal process)

62
Q

Follows course of gubernaculum into scrotal swellings

A

Processus vaginalis (vaginal process)

63
Q

What evaginates into scrotal swelling?

A

Processus vaginalis + Muscular & fascial layers of body wall

64
Q

Where does evagination into scrotal swelling occur?

A

Through inguinal canal

65
Q

What coveres testes?

A

Reflected fold of the processus vaginalis

66
Q

Connects lumen of processus vaginalis with peritoneal cavity

A

Narrow canal

67
Q

Obliterated shortly after birth

A

Narrow canal

68
Q

As testis descend through inguinal ring, they get covered by:

A

-Processus vaginalis -Transversalis fascia -External abdominal oblique muscle

69
Q
  • Visceral & Parietal layer of tunica vaginalis
A

Processus vaginalis

70
Q

Internal spermatic fascia

A

Transversalis fascia

71
Q

Cremasteric fascia & muscle

A

Internal abdominal oblique muscle

72
Q

External spermatic fascia

A

External abdominal oblique

73
Q

Does the transversus abdominus muscle a layer that covers the testes?

A

NO

74
Q

What chromosomes are femal?

A

XX

75
Q

-Medullary cords degenerate -Cortical cords develop -No tunica albuginea

A

Ovary

76
Q

-Medullary cords develop -No cortical cords -Thick tunica albuginea

A

Testis

77
Q

Dissociate into irregular cell clusters

A

Primitive (medullary) sex cords

78
Q

Contain groups of primitive germ cells; occupy medullary part of ovary

A

Primitive (medullary) sex cords

79
Q

In what gender does the surface epithelium of gonad continue to proliferate?

A

Female

80
Q

Surface epithelium gives rise to a second generation of cords

A

Cortical cords

81
Q

What week do cortical cords arise

A

7th

82
Q

Penetrate underlying mesenchyme; remain close to surface

A

Cortical cords

83
Q

Cortical cors split into isolated cell clusters

A

3rd month

84
Q

Cells in clusters continue to proliferate; begin to surround each oogonium with a layer of epithelial cells

A

Follicular cells

85
Q

What makes up primordial follicle?

A

Oogonium + Follicular cells

86
Q

What happens in presence of estrogen, & absence of testosterone & AMH (MIS)

A

-Paramesonephric (Müllerian) ducts develop into main female genital ducts -Mesonephric ducts degenerate

87
Q

Develop into main female genital ducts

A

Paramesonephric (Müllerian) ducts

88
Q

Degenerate in presence of estrogen and absence of testosterone & AMH

A

Mesonephric ducts

89
Q

3 parts recognized in each duct

A

-Cranial vertical portion -Hortizonetal part -Caudal vertical part

90
Q

Opens into abdominal cavity

A

Cranial vertical portion

91
Q

Crosses mesonephric duct

A

Horizontal part

92
Q

Fuses with counterpart on opposite side

A

Caudal vertical part

93
Q

What does the paramesonephric duct give rise to?

A

Uterine tube & Uterine canal

94
Q

Parts of the uterine canal

A

-Corpus of uterus (corpus uteri) -Cervix -Upper portion of vagina

95
Q

Fused caudal ends of paramesonephricducts contact posterior wall of urogenital sinus; slight thickening forms

A

Sinus tubercle

96
Q

What do fused tips of paramesonephric ducts fuse with?

A

Sinus tubercule

97
Q

Two solid evaginations grow out from sinus

A

Sinovaginal bulbs

98
Q

What do sinovaginal bulbs proliferate and form?

A

Solid vaginal plate

99
Q

What increases distance between uterus & urogenital sinus

A

Continuation of cranial end of plate

100
Q

When is vaginal outgrowth entirely canalized?

A

By the 5th month

101
Q

Wing-like expansions of vagina form around caudal end of uterus?

A

vaginal fornices

102
Q

What is the origin of vaginal fornices?

A

Paramesonephric origin

103
Q

Dual origins of vagina

A

Upper portion & lower portion

104
Q

What is the upper portion of the vagina derived from?

A

Uterine canal

105
Q

What is the lower portion of the vagina derived from?

A

Urogenital sinus

106
Q

Lumen of vagina remains separated from urogenital sinus by thin tissue plate

A

Hymen

107
Q

Where do ovaries begin?

A

high in abdomen

108
Q

Where do ovaries end up?

A

They descend and settle just below rim of true pelvis

109
Q

Forms suspensory ligament of the ovary

A

Cranial genital ligamen

110
Q

Forms ligament of the ovary proper & round ligament of the uterus (extends into the labia majora)

A

Caudal genital ligament

111
Q

Mesenchymal cells from primitive streak, migrate around cloacal membrane forming

A

Cloacal folds

112
Q

When are cloacal folds formed?

A

3rd week

113
Q

Cranial to cloacal membrane, folds unite to form

A

Genital tubercle

114
Q

Caudally, folds subdivided into

A

urethral folds (anteriorly) & anal folds(posteriorly)

115
Q

Another pair of elevations becomes visible on each side of the urethral folds

A

Genital swellings

116
Q

What do genital swellings become?

A

Scrotal swellings or labia majora

117
Q

Development of external genitalia in males characterized by rapid elongation of genital tubercle

A

Phallus

118
Q

During elongation, phallus pulls urethral folds forward forming

A

Lateral walls of urethral grove

119
Q

Groove extends along caudal aspect of elongated phallus; does not reach most distal part

A

Glans

120
Q

Epithelial lining of the groove

A

Urethral plate

121
Q

Where does the urethral plate originate?

A

Endoderm

122
Q

When is the penile urethra formed?

A

End of the 3rd month

123
Q

The two urethral folds close over urethral plate forming

A

Penile urethra

124
Q

When is the most distal portion of the urethra formed?

A

4th month

125
Q

Ectodermal cells from the tip of the glans penetrate inward forming

A

Short epithelial cord

126
Q

Cord later obtains a lumen and becomes

A

External urethral meatus

127
Q

Genital swellings in males

A

Scrotal swellings

128
Q

Arise in the inguinal region and move caudally

A

Scrotal swellings

129
Q

What separates each half of the scrotum

A

Scrotal septum

130
Q

Stimulates the development of external genitalia of female

A

Estrogen

131
Q

What elongates slightly to form the clitoris?

A

Genital tubercle

132
Q

Do urethral folds fuse?

A

No, they develop into labia minora

133
Q

Urogenital groove is open, forming

A

Vestibule of the vagina

Anatomy - Sav (10 decks)

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