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Anatomy - Sav > Digestive System Development > Flashcards

Digestive System Development Flashcards

1
Q

What week does body folding occur?

A

Week 4

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2
Q

What forms the innermost lining of the primitive gut tube?

A

Endoderm from the dorsal portion of yolk sac which is incorporated into the embryo

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3
Q

epithelial lining and glands of the GI tract

A

Endoderm

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4
Q

What does the yolk sac endoderm form?

A

Embryonic midgut- with temporary connection with yolk sac

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5
Q

3 regions of the primitive gut tube

A

Foregut, midgut and hindgut

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6
Q

What does the oropharyngeal membrane develop into

A

Mouth

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7
Q

What does the cloacal membrane develop into

A

Anus

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8
Q

Smooth muscle and connective tissue of the GI tract

A

Splanchnic (visceral) mesoderm

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9
Q

Organs which are completely enclosed in mesentery and connected to wall via mesentery

A

Intraperitoneal

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10
Q

Organs that lies against posterior body wall and is covered with peritoneum on anterior surface only

A

Retroperitoneal

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11
Q

The serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity (parietal) & organs (visceral)

A

Peritoneum

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12
Q

A double-layer of peritoneum that suspends an organ from can contain CT, fat, blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves)

A

Mesentery

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13
Q

Formed from somatic mesoderm

A

Parietal

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14
Q

Formed from splanchnic mesoderm

A

Visceral

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15
Q

What are the caudal part of the foregut, the midgut, and major part of the hindgut suspended from?

A

Posterior body wall via the dorsal mesentery

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16
Q

Extends from lower end of esophagus to cloacal region of hindgut

A

Dorsal Mesentery

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17
Q

Formed via visceral mesoderm layers meeting and fusing in midline

A

Dorsal Mesentery

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18
Q

The connecting tissue bridge has narrowed and the caudal part of the foregut, the midgut, and a major part of the hindgut are suspended from the posterior abdominal wall via the dorsal mesentery by what week

A

5

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19
Q

Dorsal mesentery in region of the stomach

A

Dorsal mesogastrium (greater omentum)

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20
Q

Dorsal mesentery in region of the duodenum

A

Mesoduodenum

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21
Q

Dorsal mesentery in region of the colon

A

Dorsal mesocolon

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22
Q

Dorsal mesentery of jejunal and ileal loops

A

Mesentery proper

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23
Q

What are the division of the dorsal mesentery

A
  • Dorsal mesogastrium (greater omentum)
  • Mesoduodenum
  • Dorsal mesocolon
  • Mesentery proper
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24
Q

Fuse in midline, runs for dorsal end of esophagus to hindgut

A

Dorsal from visceral mesoderm-

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25
Q

Divides that runs the entire length of the GI tract

A

Dorsal Mesentery

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26
Q

Holds small intestine to internal body wall

A

Mesentery proper

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27
Q

Mesodermal tissue that gives rise to central tendon of diaphragm and connective tissue in the liver

A

Septum transversum

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28
Q

Derived from the septum transversum

A

Ventral Mesentery

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29
Q

Where does ventral mesentery exist?

A

terminal esophagus, stomach, and upper part of duodenum

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30
Q

What will the portion of the septum transversum, consiting of densely packed mesoderm form?

A

Central tendon of diaphragm

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31
Q

What is ventral mesetery associated with?

A

Foregut

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32
Q

Extends from lower portion of esophagus, stomach, & upper portion of duodenum to liver

A

Lesser Omentum

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33
Q

Extends from liver to ventral body wall

A

Falciform ligament

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34
Q

Liver grows in the mesenchyme of the septum transversum, dividing ventral mesentery into

A

Lesser omentum & falciform ligament

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35
Q

Forms the peritoneal connection between the foregut and the ventral abdominal wall

A

Ventral mesentery

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36
Q

Mesoderm on the surface of the liver differentiates into visceral peritoneum except where?

A

Cranial surface

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37
Q

Stomach into liver

A

Lesser omentum

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38
Q

Holds liver to anterior body wall

A

Falciform ligament

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39
Q

Free inferior margin of falciform ligament

A

Round ligament of the liver

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40
Q

Contains obliterated umbilical v

A

Round ligament of the liver

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41
Q

Free margin of lesser omentum connecting duodenum & liver

A

Hepatoduodenual ligament

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42
Q

Contains portal triad (bile duct, portal v., & hepatic a.)

A

Hepatoduodenual ligament

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43
Q

What happens to the umbilical vein?

A

Obliterated after birth

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44
Q

Neural crest cells form the enteric nervous system (brain of the gut) functions without innervation of the brain

A

Ectoderm

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45
Q

Derived from ectoderm & ectodermal contribution of GI tract

A

Enteric Nervous System

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46
Q

What artery does the foregut supply?

A

Celiac (trunk) Artery

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47
Q

What artery does the midgut supply?

A

Superior mesenteric artery

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48
Q

What artery does the hindgut supply?

A

Inferior mesenteric artery

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49
Q

What does each gut region suppy?

A

One of three major arteries off abdominal aorta

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50
Q
  • Pharynx
  • Lower respiratory system
  • Esophagus
  • Stomach
  • Proximal ½ of duodenum (includes the pancreatic and bile duct papillae)
  • Associated organs (liver, gallbladder, biliary system, pancreas, spleen*)
A

Foregut derivatives

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51
Q

Not a digestive organ but develops with foregut

A

Spleen

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52
Q

Develops as the portion of the foregut immediately caudal to the pharynx

A

Esophagus

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53
Q

Endodermal outgrowth from the esophagus

A

Respiratory diverticulum

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54
Q

Grows out from the ventral side of the foregut & develops respiratory system

A

Respiratory diverticulum

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55
Q

What week does the respiratory diverticulum appear

A

During week 4

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56
Q

At what week does a fusiform dilation of the foregut appear?

A

Week 4

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57
Q

As the stomach enlarges, its dorsal side expands faster than the other sides and will become the

A

Greater curvature

58
Q

The ventral side of the stomach will become the

A

Lesser Curvature

59
Q

What side of the developing stomach expands faster?

A

Dorsal

60
Q

What turn does the stomach take

A

90 deg clockwise around its longitudinal axis

61
Q

After the stomach takes a turn, where is the lesser curvature?

A

On the right

62
Q

After the stomach takes a turn, where is the greater curvature?

A

On the left

63
Q

Where does the Caudal part (Pylorus) of the stomach move?

A

Upward and to the right

64
Q

Where does the Cephalic part (cardia) of the stomach move?

A

Slightly downward and to the left

65
Q

What happens right after stomach development?

A

Formation of the omental bursa

66
Q

As the stomach rotates, what is carried to the left?

A

Dorsal mesogastrium

67
Q

Lesser sac of the peritoneum

A

Omental Bursa

68
Q

What forms the omental bursa

A

Dorsal mesogastrium

69
Q

A mesodermal proliferation within the dorsal mesogastrium

A

Spleen primordium

70
Q

What is the spleen location

A

Intraperitoneal

71
Q
  • Dorsal mesogastrium lengthens

- Portion between spleen & dorsal midline swings to the left; fuses with peritoneum of posterior abdominal wall

A

Spleen development

72
Q

Connected to body wall in the region of the left kidney

A

Lienorenal ligament

73
Q

Connected to stomach

A

Gastrolienal ligament

74
Q

The layers fuse to form a single (4 layer) sheet that hangs from the greater curvature of the stomach

A

Greater Omentum

75
Q

What forms the greater omentum

A

Dorsal mesogatrium extension inferiorly

76
Q

As stomach rotates, the duodenum becomes

A

C-shaped

77
Q

Rotation, together with rapid growth of head of pancreas, swings duodenum from

A

Midline to right side of the abdomen

78
Q

Press against dorsal body wall and become fixed in retroperitoneal position

A

Duodenum and head of pancreas

79
Q

What appears in the middle of the third week at the distal end of the foregut?

A

Liver primordium

80
Q

Appears as an outgrowth of the endodermal epithelium

A

Liver bud (hepatic diverticulum)

81
Q

Consists of rapidly proliferating cells that penetrate the septum transversum

A

Liver bud

82
Q

Mesodermal plate between pericardial cavity and stalk of the yolk sac

A

Septum transversum

83
Q

Hepatic cells invade the septum transversum, the connection between the liver bud and foregut (duodenum) narrows, forming the

A

Common bile duct

84
Q

A small ventral outgrowth from the bile duct

Forms gallbladder and the cystic duct

A

Common bile duct

85
Q

Connection between liver and bile duct

A

Cystic duct

86
Q

What 2 buds form the pancreas?

A

a dorsal pancreatic bud & a ventral pancreatic bud

87
Q

Where do pancreatic buds originate from?

A

Endodermal lining of the duodenum

88
Q

Within the dorsal mesentery

A

Dorsal bud

89
Q

An outgrowth of the bile duct

A

Ventral bud

90
Q

What direction does the ventral bud swing as the duodenum rotates?

A

Clockwise, aligning and fusing with the dorsal bud

91
Q

Ventral pancreatic bud and Dorsal pancreatic bud fuse forming

A

Main pancreatic duct

92
Q

Lies immediately below and behind the dorsal bud

A

Ventral bud

93
Q

Forms uncinate process and inferior part head of the pancreas

A

Ventral bud

94
Q

Forms all other parts of the pancreas

A

Dorsal bud

95
Q
  • Distal ½ of the duodenum (just after the major duodenal papilla)
  • Jejunum
  • Ileum
  • Cecum and appendix
  • Ascending colon
  • Proximal 2/3 of the transverse colon
A

Midgut derivatives

96
Q

Forms a U-shaped loop around the superior mesenteric artery

The vitelline duct is the temporary connection between the mid gut and yolk sac

A

Midgut

97
Q

Rapid elongation of gut & its mesentery results in formation of the

A

Primary intestinal loop

98
Q

What does the Cephalic limb become?

A

Distal part of duodenum, Jejunum, & proximal ileum

99
Q

What does the Caudal limb become?

A

Distal ileum, Cecum, Appendix, Ascending colon, Proximal 2/3 of transverse colon

100
Q

Why does the abdominal cavity temporarily become too small to contain all the intestinal loops?

A

Rapid growth and expansion of the liver

101
Q

Loops enter the extraembryonic cavity in the umbilical cord

A

Physiological Umbilical Herniation

102
Q

When does Physiological Umbilical Herniation occur?

A

6th-10th week

103
Q

When is the first midgut rotation?

A

Week 6

104
Q

What happens in the 1st midgut rotation?

A

90 deg counterclockwise rotation around the superior mesenteric artery

105
Q

Initial growth and coiling of the small intestine

A

1st midgut rotation

106
Q

What happens in the 2nd midgut rotation?

A

As the intestines return into the abdominal cavity, a 180° counterclockwise rotation brings them back to their normal position

107
Q

When does the second midgut rotation occur?

A

Week 10

108
Q

What brings the cecum down?

A

Cecal swelling

109
Q

Where are the ascending & descending colons permanently anchored?

A

Retroperitoneal position

110
Q

What happens when ascending and descending colons obtain their final positions?

A

Their mesenteries press against peritoneum of posterior abdominal wall

111
Q

Fuses with posterior wall of greater omentum, but maintains its mobility

A

Transverse mesocolon

112
Q

Mesentery of the jejunoileal loops

A

Mesentery proper

113
Q

Line of attachment extends from area where duodenum becomes intraperioneal, to the ileocecal junction

A

Mesentery proper

114
Q

Meseteries are named for..

A

What they surround

115
Q

Line of attachment extends from the hepatic flexure of ascending colon to splenic flexure of descending colon

A

Transverse mesocolon

116
Q

Total rotation

A

270 deg Counterclockwise

117
Q

90° CCW rotation while loop is in proximal umbilical cord

A

1st rotation

118
Q

180° CCW rotation as intestines return to abdomen

A

2nd rotation

119
Q

Proliferation of endodermal lining completely occludes the gut tube during what week of development

A

during the 6th week

120
Q

When is the gut tube recanalized completely?

A

By 9th week of development

121
Q

A remnant of the vitelline (omphaloenteric) duct persists as a finger-like outpouching of the ileum ~40-60 cm from ileocecal junction

A

Meckel’s (Ileal) diverticulum

122
Q

May contain pancreatic tissue/gastric mucosa that secretes acid, causing ulcers & bleeding

A

Diverticulum

123
Q

The most common GI malformation, occurring in 2% of population with a male predominance

A

Meckel’s (Ileal) Diverticulum

124
Q

When vitelline duct doesn’t close properly

A

Meckel’s (Ileal) Diverticulum

125
Q

GI tract completely open to outside world

A

Fistula

126
Q

Tissue remains in what was vitalline duct

A

Cyst

127
Q
  • Distal 1/3 of the transverse colon
  • Descending colon
  • Sigmoid colon
  • Rectum
  • Superior portion of the anal canal
A

Hindgut Derivatives

128
Q

Grows inferiorly toward the cloacal membrane, dividing it into urogenital and anal membranes

A

Urorectal septum

129
Q

What does the urorectal setpum divide the cloaca into?

A

Urogenital sinus (ventrally) & anorectal canal (dorsally)

130
Q

When does the cloacal membrane ruptures, creating anal opening for the hindgut & ventral opening for the urogenital sinus?

A

End of 7th week

131
Q

Gives rise to urinary and anal canal

A

Urogenital sinus

132
Q

Mesodermal proliferation

A

Ureoctal septum

133
Q

Superior 2/3 of anal canal derived from

A

Endoderm of hindgut

134
Q

Inferior 1/3 of anal canal derived from

A

Invaginating ectoderm around proctodeum

135
Q

Proliferates & invaginates to create anal pit

A

Ectoderm in region of the anus

136
Q

Known as anal pit

A

Proctodeum

137
Q

An ectodermally-lined pit in the terminal portion of hindgut that invaginates to form the lower 1/3 of the anal canal

A

Proctodeum

138
Q

Establishes continuity between upper & lower parts of anal canal

A

Anal membrane

139
Q

Junction between endodermal & ectodermal regions of anal canal is delineated by

A

Pectinate line

140
Q

What does epithelial in the anal membrane change

A

Columnar to stratified squamous epithelium

Anatomy - Sav (10 decks)

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