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Anatomy - Sav > Digestive System I > Flashcards

Digestive System I Flashcards

1
Q

Another name for the Gastrointestinal (GI) tract

A

Alimentary Canal

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2
Q

Urgans of the GI track include the mouth, most of the pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine.

A

Alimentary Canal

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3
Q

tongue (PB), teeth (PB), salivary glands (S), pancreas (S), liver (S), and gallbladder (S)

A

Accessory Digestive organs

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4
Q

these organs come in direct contact with food and help to physically break it down.

A

Tongue & teeth

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5
Q

these organs produce or store secretions that will reach the digestive tract via ducts; never in contact with food directly; secretions for chemical breakdown of food.

A

Salivary glands, pancreas, live and gallbladder

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6
Q

1) Ingestion
2) Secretion
3) Mixing and Propulsion (i.e., Motility Capability)
4) Digestion
a. Mechanical Digestion
b. Chemical Digestion
5) Absorption
6) Defecation (of Feces)
7) Barrier
8) Immunologic Protection

A

Major processes of Digestive System

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7
Q

What is the mouth referred to as

A

Oral or Buccal cavity

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8
Q

Bound by the cheeks, hard and soft palates, tongue, and floor of the mouth

A

Oral cavity

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9
Q

Fleshy folds that surround the opening of the mouth and contain the orbicularis oris muscle

A

Lips or labia

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10
Q

Location of a mucocutaneous junction.

A

lips

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11
Q

The oral cavity opens into the oropharynx through an opening called the

A

fauces

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12
Q

Between the lips and teeth and between the cheeks and teeth.

A

Vestibule

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13
Q

Superior border is the hard and soft palates; inferior border is the tongue and floor of the mouth; the posterior border in the entrance into the oropharynx; all other borders are the teeth.

A

Oral Cavity Proper

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14
Q
  • 99.5% water and 0.5% solutes

- average secretion of 1000ml/day to 1500ml/day

A

Saliva

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15
Q
  • Moisten oral mucosa
  • Moisten dry foods
  • Provide medium for food materials to dissolve so they can chemically stimulate taste buds
  • Buffer contents of oral cavity (bicarbonate and phosphate ions)
  • Contains amylase that partially breaks down starch (i.e. polysaccharide)
A

Salivas protective and digestive roles

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16
Q

Buffer contents of the oral cavity

A

Bicarbonate and phosphate ion

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17
Q

Breaks down starch

A

amylase

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18
Q

connects nasal and oral cavities to larynx and esophagus

A

Pharynx

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19
Q

passageway for food and air

A

Pharynx

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20
Q

Divisions of the pharynx

A

Nasopharynx, Oropharynx & laryngopharynx

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21
Q

Epithelium in the pharynx

A

Respiratory epithelium & some stratified squamous

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22
Q

Found posterior to the nasal cavity

A

Nasopharynx

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23
Q

Posterior to oral cavity

A

Oropharynx

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24
Q

Begins at the level of the superior border of the upright epiglottis and opens into the esophagus and larynx

A

Laryngopharynx

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25
Q

Epithelium in nasopharynx

A

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

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26
Q

Epithelium in Oropharynx

A

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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27
Q

Epithelium in Laryngopharynx

A

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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28
Q

Air and food passageways

A

Oropharynx and Laryngopharynx

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29
Q

Air passageway only

A

Nasopharynx

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30
Q

Superior to soft palate; when swallowing the soft palate and the uvula move superiorly to close off the what

A

Nasopharynx

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31
Q

Posterior to oral cavity; between level of soft palate to the epiglotti

A

Oropharynx

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32
Q

What is continuous with both the esophagus and the larynx; extends from an upright epiglottis to the larynx

A

Laryngopharynx

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33
Q

Parts of the mucosa

A
  • Lining epithelium
  • Lamina propria
  • Muscularis mucosae
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34
Q

From the lumen outward

A
  1. Mucosa
  2. submucosa
  3. Muscularis externa
  4. Serosa or Adventitia
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35
Q

Epithelium of lining epithelium of mucosa

A

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous & Simple columnar

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36
Q

Epithelium of Lamina propria of mucosa

37
Q

Lining of Muscularis mucosae

A

Smooth muscle tissue

38
Q

What makes up the submucosa layer throughout the digestive system

A

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

Meissner’s plexus

39
Q

What are the two layers of muscularis externa

A

Inner circular layer & outer longitudinal layer

40
Q

Can be thickened to form sphincters or valves

A

Inner circular layer

41
Q

Where is the Myenteric nerve plexus located

A

Muscularis externa

42
Q

What makes up serosa (or visceral peritoneum)

A

Mesothelium

Loose Connective Tissue

43
Q

Lining of adventitia

A

Loose (arealar) connective tissue

44
Q

Another name for myenteric plexus

A

Auerbach’s plexus

45
Q

Another name for submucosal plexus

A

Meissner’s plexus

46
Q

Mucous glands in Esophagus

A 
Esophageal glands (proper)
Esophageal cardiac glands
47
Q

Where are the esophageal glands (proper) located?

48
Q

Where are the esophageal cardiac glands located?

A

Lamina propria

49
Q

Epithelium in mucosa of esophagus

A

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous

50
Q

What makes up the muscularis externa of the esophagus?

A

Skeletal muscle tissue and smooth muscle tissue

51
Q

J shaped enlargement of the GI tract

52
Q

Subdivisions of the stomach

A

Cardia, fundus, body & pylorus

53
Q

What is the cardia made of?

A

Cardiac glands, primarily mucous

54
Q

What is the fundus made of?

A

Fundic glands that contain cells that secrete HCL and pepsin

55
Q

What is the pylorus made of?

A

Pyloric glands, primarily mucous

56
Q

Epithelium of stomach mucosa

A

Simple columnar epithelium

57
Q

Has gastric pits which lead to glands

A

Mucosa of the stomach

58
Q

What types of glands are in the mucosa of the stomach?

A

Simple branched tubular glands

59
Q

3 layers of the muscularis externa

A
  • Outer longitudinal
  • Middle circular
  • Inner oblique
60
Q

Walls of the stomach

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis externa
Serosa

61
Q

3 parts of the fundic glands

A

Isthmus, Neck & Base

62
Q

Secrete pepsin & gastric lipase

A

Chief cells

63
Q

Secrete hydrochloric acid & intrinsic factor

A

Parietal cells

64
Q

Secrete mucus & absorption

A

Surface mucous cells and mucous neck cells

65
Q

Secrete gastrin

66
Q

Activated breaks proteins into peptides

67
Q

Split triglycerides into fatty acids and monoglycerides

A

Gastric lipase

68
Q

Kills microbes in food, denatures proteins, concerts pepsinogen into pepsin

A

Hydrocholric acid

69
Q

Needed for absorption of vitamin B, which is used in red blood cell formation

A

Intrinsic factor

70
Q

Form a protective barrier that prevents digestion of stomach walls

71
Q

Small quantity of water, ions, short-chain fatty acids, and some drugs enter the bloodstream

A

Absorption

72
Q

Stimulate parietal cells to secrete HCl and chief cells to secrete pepsinogen, contracts lower-esophageal sphincter, increase motility of stomach, and relaxes pyloric sphincter

73
Q

Activity of muscularis

A

Mixing waves & peristalsis

74
Q

Macerate food and mix it with gastric juice, forming chyme

A

Mixing waves

75
Q

Regulates passage of chyme from stomach to duodenum, prevents backflow of chyme from duodenum to stomach

A

Pyloric sphincter

76
Q

Opens to permit passage of chyme into duodenum

A

Pyloric sphincter

77
Q

Mixes with secretions and also physically breaks down

-Creates a lot of surface area, so enzymes have more room for access

A

Mechanical breakdown of digestive system

78
Q

Bonds are broken and enzymes are used

A

Chemical break down digestion

79
Q

Where does 90% of absorption occur?

A

Small intestine

80
Q

Term for chewing

A

Mastication

81
Q

What breaks down carbs?

A

Amylase in saliva

82
Q

Food that moves into the oropharynx fause

83
Q

Change that happens at the lips

A

Mucotaneous junctions

84
Q

Collagen fibers, important in bone remodeling

A

Periodontal ligaments

85
Q

Chemoreceptors that respond to chemicals in an aqueous solution

86
Q

Connects mucosa to muscularis externa

87
Q

Contricts lumen and lengthens organ

A

Inner circular layer of muscularis externa

88
Q

Dilates lumen and shortens the organ

A

Outer longitudinal layer of muscularis externa

89
Q

How is the esophagus arranged

A

Upper 1/3 skeletal
Middle- mixed
Lower 1/3 Smooth muscle

Anatomy - Sav (10 decks)

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