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Anatomy - Sav > Digestive System I > Flashcards

Digestive System I Flashcards

1
Q

Another name for the Gastrointestinal (GI) tract

A

Alimentary Canal

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2
Q

Urgans of the GI track include the mouth, most of the pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine.

A

Alimentary Canal

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3
Q

tongue (PB), teeth (PB), salivary glands (S), pancreas (S), liver (S), and gallbladder (S)

A

Accessory Digestive organs

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4
Q

these organs come in direct contact with food and help to physically break it down.

A

Tongue & teeth

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5
Q

these organs produce or store secretions that will reach the digestive tract via ducts; never in contact with food directly; secretions for chemical breakdown of food.

A

Salivary glands, pancreas, live and gallbladder

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6
Q

1) Ingestion
2) Secretion
3) Mixing and Propulsion (i.e., Motility Capability)
4) Digestion
a. Mechanical Digestion
b. Chemical Digestion
5) Absorption
6) Defecation (of Feces)
7) Barrier
8) Immunologic Protection

A

Major processes of Digestive System

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7
Q

What is the mouth referred to as

A

Oral or Buccal cavity

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8
Q

Bound by the cheeks, hard and soft palates, tongue, and floor of the mouth

A

Oral cavity

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9
Q

Fleshy folds that surround the opening of the mouth and contain the orbicularis oris muscle

A

Lips or labia

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10
Q

Location of a mucocutaneous junction.

A

lips

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11
Q

The oral cavity opens into the oropharynx through an opening called the

A

fauces

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12
Q

Between the lips and teeth and between the cheeks and teeth.

A

Vestibule

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13
Q

Superior border is the hard and soft palates; inferior border is the tongue and floor of the mouth; the posterior border in the entrance into the oropharynx; all other borders are the teeth.

A

Oral Cavity Proper

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14
Q
  • 99.5% water and 0.5% solutes

- average secretion of 1000ml/day to 1500ml/day

A

Saliva

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15
Q
  • Moisten oral mucosa
  • Moisten dry foods
  • Provide medium for food materials to dissolve so they can chemically stimulate taste buds
  • Buffer contents of oral cavity (bicarbonate and phosphate ions)
  • Contains amylase that partially breaks down starch (i.e. polysaccharide)
A

Salivas protective and digestive roles

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16
Q

Buffer contents of the oral cavity

A

Bicarbonate and phosphate ion

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17
Q

Breaks down starch

A

amylase

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18
Q

connects nasal and oral cavities to larynx and esophagus

A

Pharynx

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19
Q

passageway for food and air

A

Pharynx

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20
Q

Divisions of the pharynx

A

Nasopharynx, Oropharynx & laryngopharynx

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21
Q

Epithelium in the pharynx

A

Respiratory epithelium & some stratified squamous

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22
Q

Found posterior to the nasal cavity

A

Nasopharynx

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23
Q

Posterior to oral cavity

A

Oropharynx

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24
Q

Begins at the level of the superior border of the upright epiglottis and opens into the esophagus and larynx

A

Laryngopharynx

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25
Epithelium in nasopharynx
Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
26
Epithelium in Oropharynx
nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
27
Epithelium in Laryngopharynx
nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
28
Air and food passageways
Oropharynx and Laryngopharynx
29
Air passageway only
Nasopharynx
30
Superior to soft palate; when swallowing the soft palate and the uvula move superiorly to close off the what
Nasopharynx
31
Posterior to oral cavity; between level of soft palate to the epiglotti
Oropharynx
32
What is continuous with both the esophagus and the larynx; extends from an upright epiglottis to the larynx
Laryngopharynx
33
Parts of the mucosa
- Lining epithelium - Lamina propria - Muscularis mucosae
34
From the lumen outward
1. Mucosa 2. submucosa 3. Muscularis externa 4. Serosa or Adventitia
35
Epithelium of lining epithelium of mucosa
Nonkeratinized stratified squamous & Simple columnar
36
Epithelium of Lamina propria of mucosa
Loose CT
37
Lining of Muscularis mucosae
Smooth muscle tissue
38
What makes up the submucosa layer throughout the digestive system
Dense Irregular Connective Tissue | Meissner's plexus
39
What are the two layers of muscularis externa
Inner circular layer & outer longitudinal layer
40
Can be thickened to form sphincters or valves
Inner circular layer
41
Where is the Myenteric nerve plexus located
Muscularis externa
42
What makes up serosa (or visceral peritoneum)
Mesothelium | Loose Connective Tissue
43
Lining of adventitia
Loose (arealar) connective tissue
44
Another name for myenteric plexus
Auerbach's plexus
45
Another name for submucosal plexus
Meissner's plexus
46
Mucous glands in Esophagus
``` Esophageal glands (proper) Esophageal cardiac glands ```
47
Where are the esophageal glands (proper) located?
Submucosa
48
Where are the esophageal cardiac glands located?
Lamina propria
49
Epithelium in mucosa of esophagus
Nonkeratinized stratified squamous
50
What makes up the muscularis externa of the esophagus?
Skeletal muscle tissue and smooth muscle tissue
51
J shaped enlargement of the GI tract
Stomach
52
Subdivisions of the stomach
Cardia, fundus, body & pylorus
53
What is the cardia made of?
Cardiac glands, primarily mucous
54
What is the fundus made of?
Fundic glands that contain cells that secrete HCL and pepsin
55
What is the pylorus made of?
Pyloric glands, primarily mucous
56
Epithelium of stomach mucosa
Simple columnar epithelium
57
Has gastric pits which lead to glands
Mucosa of the stomach
58
What types of glands are in the mucosa of the stomach?
Simple branched tubular glands
59
3 layers of the muscularis externa
- Outer longitudinal - Middle circular - Inner oblique
60
Walls of the stomach
Mucosa Submucosa Muscularis externa Serosa
61
3 parts of the fundic glands
Isthmus, Neck & Base
62
Secrete pepsin & gastric lipase
Chief cells
63
Secrete hydrochloric acid & intrinsic factor
Parietal cells
64
Secrete mucus & absorption
Surface mucous cells and mucous neck cells
65
Secrete gastrin
G cells
66
Activated breaks proteins into peptides
Pepsin
67
Split triglycerides into fatty acids and monoglycerides
Gastric lipase
68
Kills microbes in food, denatures proteins, concerts pepsinogen into pepsin
Hydrocholric acid
69
Needed for absorption of vitamin B, which is used in red blood cell formation
Intrinsic factor
70
Form a protective barrier that prevents digestion of stomach walls
Mucus
71
Small quantity of water, ions, short-chain fatty acids, and some drugs enter the bloodstream
Absorption
72
Stimulate parietal cells to secrete HCl and chief cells to secrete pepsinogen, contracts lower-esophageal sphincter, increase motility of stomach, and relaxes pyloric sphincter
Gastrin
73
Activity of muscularis
Mixing waves & peristalsis
74
Macerate food and mix it with gastric juice, forming chyme
Mixing waves
75
Regulates passage of chyme from stomach to duodenum, prevents backflow of chyme from duodenum to stomach
Pyloric sphincter
76
Opens to permit passage of chyme into duodenum
Pyloric sphincter
77
Mixes with secretions and also physically breaks down | -Creates a lot of surface area, so enzymes have more room for access
Mechanical breakdown of digestive system
78
Bonds are broken and enzymes are used
Chemical break down digestion
79
Where does 90% of absorption occur?
Small intestine
80
Term for chewing
Mastication
81
What breaks down carbs?
Amylase in saliva
82
Food that moves into the oropharynx fause
Bolus
83
Change that happens at the lips
Mucotaneous junctions
84
Collagen fibers, important in bone remodeling
Periodontal ligaments
85
Chemoreceptors that respond to chemicals in an aqueous solution
Taste bud
86
Connects mucosa to muscularis externa
Submucosa
87
Contricts lumen and lengthens organ
Inner circular layer of muscularis externa
88
Dilates lumen and shortens the organ
Outer longitudinal layer of muscularis externa
89
How is the esophagus arranged
Upper 1/3 skeletal Middle- mixed Lower 1/3 Smooth muscle

Anatomy - Sav (10 decks)

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