Peritoneum & Upper Abdomen Viscera Flashcards
1
Q
Associated with liver
A
Hepatic
2
Q
Associated with gallbladder
A
Cystic
3
Q
Associated with pancrease
A
Pancreatic
4
Q
Associated with spleen
A
Splenic
5
Q
Associated with stomach
A
Gastric
6
Q
Associated with colon
A
Colic
7
Q
Associated with rectum
A
Recto
8
Q
Thin, translucent, serous membrane
A
Peritoneum
9
Q
lines inner abdonimal wall
A
Parietal peritoneum
10
Q
Covers organs
A
Visceral peritoneum
11
Q
Organs behind the peritoneum
A
Retroperioneal
12
Q
Where do vessels travel?
A
Between peritoneal layers
13
Q
The peritoneum consists of two continuous layers:
A
Parietal peritoneum and visceral peritoneum.
14
Q
Spleen and stomach : completely covered by visceral peritoneum
A
Intraperitoneal
15
Q
organs also include portions of the duodenum and pancreas
A
Retroperitoneal
16
Q
all visceral & parietal peritoneal membranes
A
Peritoneal sac
17
Q
- a potential space within sac
- contains only a small amount of serous fluid
- allow organs to move freely without friction
A
Peritoneal cavity
18
Q
Within the abdominal cavity and continues into the pelvic cavity
A
Peritoneal cavity
19
Q
Lesser sac
A
Omental bursa
20
Q
May contain up to several liters of fluid
A
Ascites
21
Q
Disease, injury or infection can lead to pooling of fluids (blood, bile, pus, feces)
A
Peritoneal cavity
22
Q
Marked Ascites & umbilical herniation
A
Problems with peritoneal cavity
23
Q
Peritoneal membranes enclose and fold around the
A
Viscera
24
Q
How many layers in peritoneal cavity
A
Double layers
25
Double layers fold forms or ligament
splenalrenal lig, lesser omentum
26
Omental bursa and greater sac communicate through
Omental foramen
27
- Attaches to greater curvature of stomach and transverse colon
- Drapes over small intestines like an ‘apron
Greater Omentum
28
Gastrocolic ligament
4 layers of peritoneum
29
- functionally it can wall off infections & inflammation sites
- results in formation of adhesions
Greater Omentum
30
gastrocolic ligament (largest portion) + gastrosplenic ligament and gastrophrenic ligament (to diaphragm)
Greater omentum
31
Where does the greater omentum originate from?
Dorsal mesentery
32
- Attaches to lesser curvature of stomach and duodenum
| - 2 portions connect these structures to the liver
Lesser Omentum
33
Connects liver to stomach
Hepagastric ligament
34
- Connects liver to duodenum
| - Contains the portal triad
Hepatoduodenal ligament
35
What is the portal triad made up of?
hepatic a., portal v., & bile duct
36
What is deep to the Lesser Omentum
Omental bursa
37
Hepatogastric ligament (largest portion) + hepatoduodenal ligament (contains the portal triad = hepatic a., portal v., bile duct)
Lesser Omentum
38
Where does the lesser omentum derive from?
Ventral mesenteries
39
- Anchors most of the small intestine to posterior abd. wall
| - Runs diagonally from duodenojejunal jxn. to ileocecal jxn.
Mesentery proper
40
What is the duodenum anchored by?
Suspensory ligament of Treitz
41
Where is the vascular supply to the mesentery proper?
Mesentery root
42
- Fibromuscular ligament descends from the R. crus of diaphragm
- Crosses over L. crus & holds distal duodenum in place
- Prevents duodenojejunal jxn. from sagging
Suspensory ligament of duodenum (of Treitz)
43
Important location for surgery
Suspensory ligament of duodenum (of Treitz)
44
Anchors portions of the colon to the posterior abdominal wall
Mesocolon
45
What do the ascending and descending colon attach to?
Posterior wall (have no mesentery)
46
What anchors the transverse colon?
Transverse mesocolon
47
What anchors the sigmoid colon?
Sigmoid mesocolon
48
Is the rectum fully covered with peritoneum?
No it's partially covered
49
Transvers mesocolon divides the abdominal cavity into 2 compartments:
Supracolic compartment & Infracolic compartment
50
Contains stomach, liver and spleen
Supracolic compartment
51
Contains small intestine and ascending and descending colon
Infracolic compartment
52
Potential space of capillary thinness.
Peritoneal cavity
53
- Divides liver into R & L lobes
| - Anchors liver to diaphragm & anterior body wall
Falciform ligament
54
inferior border contains the obliterated umbilical vein.
Falciform ligament
55
At the bottom of the falciform ligament
Round ligament of the liver
56
What does the left umbilical vein become after birth?
Ligamentum teres hepatis
57
Round ligament of the liver in embryo
Umbilical vein
58
- Reflections of peritoneum around the bare area of the liver
- Attach liver to inferior surface of diaphragm
Coronary Ligament
59
Upper posterior liver
Bare area
60
Where is the bare area in the cavity
retroperitoneal
61
from urinary bladder to umbilicus
median umbilical fold
62
- covers median umbilical ligament
| - -Fetal Urachus
median umbilical fold
63
covers medial umbilical ligaments
medial umbilical folds
64
occluded portions of umbilical aa
medial umbilical folds
65
covers inferior epigastric vessels
Lateral umbilical folds
66
The fossae between the medial and the lateral umbilical folds
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Medial inguinal fossae
Inguinal triangles (hesselbach triangles
```
67
Potential site of inguinal hernias
Inguinal triangles (hesselbach triangles
68
Lateral to the lateral umbililcal folds, including the deep inguinal rings.
Lateral inguinal fossae
69
Most common type of hernia
Indirect
70
original allantoic diverticulum that persists throughout much of development as a stalk which extends from the bladder and is continuous (the allantois) to the umbilical region
Fetal Urachus
71
As the allantois constricts and becomes the thick fibrous cord, the urachus. It extends from the apex of the bladder to the umbilicus
Median Umbillical ligament
72
Potential peritoneal spaces in standing patients
Peritoneal pouches
73
Becomes an actual space in recumbent patients
- Hepatorenal pouch
| - Rectovesical or rectouterine pouch
74
Pathological fluids can accumulate in these recesses
Peritoneal pouches
75
Lowest point of the abdominal cavity
Hepatorenal recess
76
Morrisons pouch
aka hepatorenal pouch
77
Lowest point of pelvic cavity
Rectovesical pouch or rectoutero (female)
78
Bounded by liver, R kidney, colon & duodenum
Hepatorenal Pouch
79
Fluids may move down to rectovesical/rectouterine pouch from this – when in reclining position or sitting up
Hepatorenal Pouch
80
Fluids here may move up to hepatorenal pouch – when in Trendelenburg position
Rectovesical & Rectouterine pouch
81
detoxifies chemical products & produces bile
Liver
82
Stores bile for emulsification of fats
Gallbladder
83
produces enzymes for digestion
Pancreas
84
produces lymphocytes & filters blood
Spleen
85
stores food prior to entering duodenum
Stomach
86
1° for chemical digestion
Small intestine
87
2° for chemical digestion
Large intestine
88
filter waste products out of blood
Kidneys
89
Cortices produce steroid hormones & medullas act as sympathetic ganglia (release Epinephrine & NE)
Adrenal glands
90
Associated with diaphragm
Phrenic
91
- Adjacent to diaphragm
| - Smooth and dome shape
Diaphramatic surface
92
Entrance for portal triad & is found inferiorly
Porta hepatis
93
Attached to inferior surface of liver
| --Fundus, body, & neck
Gallbladder
94
- Contacts duodenum, colon & anterior abdominal wall
- Receives bile produced by liver via bile ducts
- Bile then drains into duodenum thru these ducts
Gallbladder
95
Receives bile from R & L lobes of liver
R & L hepatic ducts
96
Receives R & L hepatic ducts
Common hepatic duct
97
Connected to gall bladder
Cystic duct
98
Receives cystic & common hepatic ducts
Common bile duct
99
Joins with the pancreatic duct & drains into the descending part of the duodenum at the major duodenal papilla
Common bile duct
100
What does the common bile duct join to
Main pancreatic duct
101
Bile duct and main pancreatic duct empty to
Major duodenal papilla
102
Collect enzymes and joins inferiorly at bile duct at major duodenal papillae
Main pancreatic duct
103
Indicates junction between foregut and midgut
Major duodental papillae
104
Consists of a head, neck, body, tail and uncinate process
Pancreas
105
- Retroperitoneal & transverse across posterior abdominal wall
- Surrounded by C-shaped duodenum on R & spleen on L
Pancreas
106
Enters duodenum with bile duct at major duodenal papilla
Main pancreatic duct
107
may enter duodenum as well
| ~ 2 cm superior to major papilla
Accessory pancreatic duct
108
Pancreas draining digestive enzymes
Exocrine function
109
Contacts diaphragm along ribs 9-11
Diaphragmatic surface
110
Connected to the greater curvature of the stomach by the gastrosplenic ligament which contains the short gastric and gastro-omental vessels and left kidney by the splenorenal igament which contains the splenic vessels.
Spleen
111
What is the spleen surrounded by?
Visceral peritoneum except the area of the hilum
112
Where is the arterial supply of the splenic artery from?
Celiac trunk
113
Branches of celiac trunk
Common hepatic
Left gastric
Splenic artery
114
Supplies liver, gb, esophagus, stomach, pancreas & spleen
Celiac trunks
115
1st unpaired major branch of aorta
Ciliac trunk
116
- Right br. of celiac trunk
- Runs toward liver & gallbladder
- 2 terminal branches
Common hepatic Artery
117
Terminal branches of common hepatic artery
Proper hepatic a
| Gastroduodental a
118
- Superior br. of common hepatic a.
- Runs toward liver & medial to bile duct
- R Gastric a.
- Splits into right and left hepatic aa
Proper heptatic artery
119
What does the right gastric artery anastomoses with?
Left gastric artery
120
Arteries are named for
Where they supply
121
- Inferior br. of common hepatic a.
| - Runs toward junction of stomach & duodenum
Gastroduodenal A
122
- sends Supr. pancreaticoduodenal aa. to pancreas/duodenum
| - sends R gastroepiploic a. (R gastro-omental a.) to greater curvature of stomach
Gastroduodenal A
123
- Superior br. of celiac trunk
| - Runs L toward lesser curvature of stomach
Left gastric artery
124
-Supplies stomach & esophagus (via esophageal brs
Left gastric artery
125
- Left br. of celiac trunk
- Runs toward spleen
-supplies pancreas & spleen
Splenic Artery
126
- Sends short gastric aa. & L gastroepiploic a. (L gastro-omental a.)
- -supply greater curvature of stomach
Splenic Artery
