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Health Science Anatomy & Physiology (Inlet Grove Community High School) > Urinary System Deck > Flashcards

Urinary System Deck Flashcards

Study guide for the urinary system quiz on Applied Educational Systems.

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1
Q

functions of the urinary system

A
  1. to filter blood and remove wastes from it
  2. to excrete waste from the body in the form of urine
  3. to help maintain the body’s acid-base balance
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2
Q

two other names for the urinary system

A
  1. renal system

2. excretory system

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3
Q

location of the kidneys

A

on either side of the vertebral column, behind the upper part of the abdominal cavity

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4
Q

cortex

A

contains nephrons, which help to produce urine

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5
Q

medulla

A

contains tubules to collect the urine and carry it through the kidney

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6
Q

hilum

A

an intended area that serves as a passageway for nerves and vessels to enter and leave the kidney

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7
Q

nephrons

A

tiny structures in the kidneys where the blood is actually filtered and urine is formed

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8
Q

Bowman’s Capsule

A

the materials filtered out of the blood in the glomerulus are picked up by the Bowman’s Capsule and passed to the convoluted tubules

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9
Q

Convoluted Tubules

A

in the convoluted tubules, substances needed by the body are reabsorbed into the bloodstream

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10
Q

Collecting tubules

A

any water and excess wastes that remain in the convoluted tubules become urine that passes to the collecting tubules

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11
Q

percentage of urine that is water

A

95%

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12
Q

ureters

A

muscular tubes that use peristalsis to move the urine to the bladder

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13
Q

bladder

A

a hollow, muscular sac that receives the urine from the ureters and stores it until it is ready to be emptied from the body

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14
Q

urethra

A

the tube that carries the urine from the bladder out of the body

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15
Q

length of the urethra in males

A

about 8 inches (20 cm) long

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16
Q

length of the urethra in females

A

about 1.5 inches (4 cm) long

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17
Q

polyuria

A

an amount of urine output that is above normal, usually more than 2,000 milliliters per day

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18
Q

pyuria

A

pus in the urine

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19
Q

retention

A

inability to empty the bladder

20
Q

oliguria

A

an amount of urine output that is below normal, usually less than 500 milliliters per day

21
Q

nocturia

A

urination at night

22
Q

anuria

A

no urine output

23
Q

incontinence

A

lack of voluntary control over urination

24
Q

hematuria

A

blood in the urine

25
Q

dysuria

A

painful urination

26
Q

glycosuria

A

sugar in the urine

27
Q

renal calculus

A

(aka kidney stone) formed when uric acid and calcium salts from the urine clump together

28
Q

exact cause of a renal calculus

A

unknown

29
Q

causes of a renal calculus

A

low fluid intake and large doses of vitamins may lead to kidney stones being formed

30
Q

the kidney stone

A

may block an area of the kidney or the ureter

31
Q

symptoms of a renal calculus

A

include sudden, intense pain; frequent urge to urinate; and possibly blood in the urine

32
Q

treatment for a renal calculus

A

involves increased fluid intake, pain medication, and medication for dissolving the stone

33
Q

in some cases of renal calculus

A

shock waves may be used to crush the stone or surgery may be used to remove it

34
Q

cystitis

A

inflammation of the bladder

35
Q

cause of cystitis

A

could be many types of bacteria, which get into the urinary tract

36
Q

in most cases of cystitis

A

the bacteria are transferred from the rectal and vaginal areas into the urethra

37
Q

symptoms of cystitis

A

include painful and frequent urination and blood in the urine

38
Q

treatment for cystitis

A

involves antibiotics and increased fluid intake

39
Q

nephritis

A

inflammation of the kidneys

40
Q

causes of nephritis

A

may be an illness or recurring bouts of cystitis

41
Q

symptoms of nephritis

A

include painful urination, low urine output, blood and protein in the urine, and back pain

42
Q

treatment for nephritis

A

involves rest, increased fluid intake, and antibiotics

43
Q

renal failure

A

(aka kidney failure) caused by other health problems that have done permanent damage to the kidneys little-by-little, over time

44
Q

most common cause of renal failure

A

diabetes

45
Q

second most common cause of renal failure

A

high blood pressure (hypertension)

Health Science Anatomy & Physiology (Inlet Grove Community High School) (9 decks)

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