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Health Science Anatomy & Physiology (Inlet Grove Community High School) > Cardiovascular System Deck > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Deck Flashcards

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1
Q

functions of the cardiovascular system

A
  1. to supply nutrients and oxygen to the body
  2. to remove metabolic waste and carbon dioxide from cells
  3. to distribute hormones and antibodies throughout the body
  4. to help control body temperature and electrolyte balance
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2
Q

pericardium

A

a double membrane (sac) that covers the outside of the heart; contains a lubricating fluid that reduces friction as the heart beats in order to prevent tissue damage

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3
Q

myocardium

A

the middle layer (of the heart); the thickest layer (of the heart); made of muscle tissue; pumps blood through the (cardiovascular) system

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4
Q

endocardium

A

smooth layer of cells that lines the inside of the heart and the blood vessels; allows for blood to flow smoothly through the system

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5
Q

the chambers of the heart

A
  1. atria (the two chambers atop)

2. septum (the two at the bottom)

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6
Q

septum

A

a thick, muscular wall that separates the left side from the right side of the heart

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7
Q

function of valves

A

to keep the blood flowing in only one direction

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8
Q

the two atrioventricular valves

A

the tricuspid and bicuspid valves

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9
Q

location of the atrioventricular valves

A

between the atria and the ventricles on each side of the heart (right side: tricuspid valve, left side: bicuspid valve)

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10
Q

the two semilunar valves

A

the pulmonary and aortic valves

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11
Q

location of the semilunar valves

A

between the ventricles and the vessels where blood leaves the heart

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12
Q

the difference between pulmonary and systemic circulation

A

pulmonary circulation is the flow of blood between the heart and lungs, while systemic circulation is the flow of blood between the heart and the cells of the body

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13
Q

the structures in order that blood flows through ending with the aortic valve

A
  1. right atrium
  2. tricuspid valve
  3. right ventricle
  4. pulmonary valve
  5. left atrium
  6. bicuspid (mitral) valve
  7. left ventricle
  8. aortic valve
  9. aorta - which sends the blood to all parts of the body
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14
Q

main artery in the body

A

aorta

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15
Q

two main veins

A

the superior and inferior vena cavas

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16
Q

liters of blood circulating through the average body

A

about 4 to 5 liters of blood

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17
Q

liquid part of blood

A

plasma

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18
Q

solid part of blood

A

formed elements

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19
Q

the formed elements

A

red blood cells, white blood cell,s platelets

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20
Q

function of red blood cells

A

to contain a protein called hemoglobin

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21
Q

lifespan of red blood cells

A

90 to 120 days

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22
Q

location of the removal of red blood cells

A

the liver and spleen

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23
Q

hemoglobin

A

protein; carries oxygen to all cells and removes carbon dioxide

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24
Q

function of white blood cells

A

to fight disease and infection

25
Q

lifespan of white blood cells

A

about 9 days

26
Q

function of platelets

A

to help form clots to prevent blood loss from a wound

27
Q

lifespan of platelets

A

about 5 to 9 days

28
Q

55% of whole blood

A

plasma

29
Q

90% water

A

blood

30
Q

other 10% of plasma

A

proteins

31
Q

four blood types

A

A, B, AB, O

32
Q

Rh factor

A

a type of substance that causes the body to produce antibodies

33
Q

universal donor

A

type O-, has no substances that will cause antibodies to be produced

34
Q

universal recipient

A

type AB+, can safely receive any blood type

35
Q

congestive heart failure

A

occurs when the heart is unable to pump enough blood to supply the needs of the body

36
Q

symptoms of congestive heart failure

A

swelling, shortness of breath, fatigue, low blood pressure, rapid pulse

37
Q

treatment for congestive heart failure

A

involves medication for the heart and to remove excess body fluids, elastic support base, oxygen therapy; rest and lifestyle changes also needed to relieve symptoms

38
Q

hypertension

A

high blood pressure

39
Q

“silent killer”

A

(hypertension) may not show any symptoms

40
Q

risk factors of hypertension

A

family history, race, obesity, smoking, stress, age, a diet high in saturated fat

41
Q

hypertension cure

A

none

42
Q

left untreated (hypertension)

A

can lead to permanent damage to the heart, blood vessels, kidneys

43
Q

treatments for hypertension

A

involves medication to control the blood pressure and to remove excess body fluids, reducing stress, avoiding tobacco, improving diet, exercise

44
Q

anemia

A

occurs when red blood cells do not supply enough oxygen to the body tissues

45
Q

causes of anemia

A

a low amount of red blood cells or from a low amount of hemoglobin in the blood cells, or both

46
Q

several types of anemia…

A

with different causes

47
Q

symptoms of any type of anemia

A

fatigue, shortness of breath, paleness, rapid heart rate

48
Q

treatment of anemia

A

varies depending on the type of anemia, may involve dietary supplements (iron or vitamin B12), blood transfusions, or in severe cases, bone marrow transplant

49
Q

leukemia

A

an abnormal increase in the number of white blood cells

50
Q

symptoms of leukemia

A

fatigue, anemia, bleeding gums, excessive bruising

51
Q

threat to life from leukemia

A

can be life-threatening

52
Q

treatments for leukemia

A

radiation, chemotherapy, or bone marrow transplant

53
Q

patient of leukemia

A

may be isolated to protect again infection

54
Q

sickle cell disease

A

occurs when the body produces abnormal red blood cells in the shape of a crescent

55
Q

complications of sickle cell disease

A

the cells can not pass smoothly through the blood vessels, resulting in clogging and brain damage

56
Q

possible treatments of sickle cell disease

A

blood transfusions, supplemental oxygen, bone marrow transplant

57
Q

cardiac arrest

A

a sudden loss of blood flow resulting from the failure of the heart to effectively pump

58
Q

atrial fibrilation

A

(aka AFib) a quivering or irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia)

Health Science Anatomy & Physiology (Inlet Grove Community High School) (9 decks)

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