Cardiovascular System Deck

Question 1

functions of the cardiovascular system

Answer 1

1. to supply nutrients and oxygen to the body
2. to remove metabolic waste and carbon dioxide from cells
3. to distribute hormones and antibodies throughout the body
4. to help control body temperature and electrolyte balance

Question 2

pericardium

Answer 2

a double membrane (sac) that covers the outside of the heart; contains a lubricating fluid that reduces friction as the heart beats in order to prevent tissue damage

Question 3

myocardium

Answer 3

the middle layer (of the heart); the thickest layer (of the heart); made of muscle tissue; pumps blood through the (cardiovascular) system

Question 4

endocardium

Answer 4

smooth layer of cells that lines the inside of the heart and the blood vessels; allows for blood to flow smoothly through the system

Question 5

the chambers of the heart

Answer 5

1. atria (the two chambers atop)

2. septum (the two at the bottom)

Question 6

septum

Answer 6

a thick, muscular wall that separates the left side from the right side of the heart

Question 7

function of valves

Answer 7

to keep the blood flowing in only one direction

Question 8

the two atrioventricular valves

Answer 8

the tricuspid and bicuspid valves

Question 9

location of the atrioventricular valves

Answer 9

between the atria and the ventricles on each side of the heart (right side: tricuspid valve, left side: bicuspid valve)

Question 10

the two semilunar valves

Answer 10

the pulmonary and aortic valves

Question 11

location of the semilunar valves

Answer 11

between the ventricles and the vessels where blood leaves the heart

Question 12

the difference between pulmonary and systemic circulation

Answer 12

pulmonary circulation is the flow of blood between the heart and lungs, while systemic circulation is the flow of blood between the heart and the cells of the body

Question 13

the structures in order that blood flows through ending with the aortic valve

Answer 13

1. right atrium
2. tricuspid valve
3. right ventricle
4. pulmonary valve
5. left atrium
6. bicuspid (mitral) valve
7. left ventricle
8. aortic valve
9. aorta - which sends the blood to all parts of the body

Question 14

main artery in the body

Answer 14

aorta

Question 15

two main veins

Answer 15

the superior and inferior vena cavas

Question 16

liters of blood circulating through the average body

Answer 16

about 4 to 5 liters of blood

Question 17

liquid part of blood

Answer 17

plasma

Question 18

solid part of blood

Answer 18

formed elements

Question 19

the formed elements

Answer 19

red blood cells, white blood cell,s platelets

Question 20

function of red blood cells

Answer 20

to contain a protein called hemoglobin

Question 21

lifespan of red blood cells

Answer 21

90 to 120 days

Question 22

location of the removal of red blood cells

Answer 22

the liver and spleen

Question 23

hemoglobin

Answer 23

protein; carries oxygen to all cells and removes carbon dioxide

Question 24

function of white blood cells

Answer 24

to fight disease and infection

Question 25

lifespan of white blood cells

Answer 25

about 9 days

Question 26

function of platelets

Answer 26

to help form clots to prevent blood loss from a wound

Question 27

lifespan of platelets

Answer 27

about 5 to 9 days

Question 28

55% of whole blood

Answer 28

plasma

Question 29

90% water

Answer 29

blood

Question 30

other 10% of plasma

Answer 30

proteins

Question 31

four blood types

Answer 31

A, B, AB, O

Question 32

Rh factor

Answer 32

a type of substance that causes the body to produce antibodies

Question 33

universal donor

Answer 33

type O-, has no substances that will cause antibodies to be produced

Question 34

universal recipient

Answer 34

type AB+, can safely receive any blood type

Question 35

congestive heart failure

Answer 35

occurs when the heart is unable to pump enough blood to supply the needs of the body

Question 36

symptoms of congestive heart failure

Answer 36

swelling, shortness of breath, fatigue, low blood pressure, rapid pulse

Question 37

treatment for congestive heart failure

Answer 37

involves medication for the heart and to remove excess body fluids, elastic support base, oxygen therapy; rest and lifestyle changes also needed to relieve symptoms

Question 38

hypertension

Answer 38

high blood pressure

Question 39

"silent killer"

Answer 39

(hypertension) may not show any symptoms

Question 40

risk factors of hypertension

Answer 40

family history, race, obesity, smoking, stress, age, a diet high in saturated fat

Question 41

hypertension cure

Answer 41

none

Question 42

left untreated (hypertension)

Answer 42

can lead to permanent damage to the heart, blood vessels, kidneys

Question 43

treatments for hypertension

Answer 43

involves medication to control the blood pressure and to remove excess body fluids, reducing stress, avoiding tobacco, improving diet, exercise

Question 44

anemia

Answer 44

occurs when red blood cells do not supply enough oxygen to the body tissues

Question 45

causes of anemia

Answer 45

a low amount of red blood cells or from a low amount of hemoglobin in the blood cells, or both

Question 46

several types of anemia...

Answer 46

with different causes

Question 47

symptoms of any type of anemia

Answer 47

fatigue, shortness of breath, paleness, rapid heart rate

Question 48

treatment of anemia

Answer 48

varies depending on the type of anemia, may involve dietary supplements (iron or vitamin B12), blood transfusions, or in severe cases, bone marrow transplant

Question 49

leukemia

Answer 49

an abnormal increase in the number of white blood cells

Question 50

symptoms of leukemia

Answer 50

fatigue, anemia, bleeding gums, excessive bruising

Question 51

threat to life from leukemia

Answer 51

can be life-threatening

Question 52

treatments for leukemia

Answer 52

radiation, chemotherapy, or bone marrow transplant

Question 53

patient of leukemia

Answer 53

may be isolated to protect again infection

Question 54

sickle cell disease

Answer 54

occurs when the body produces abnormal red blood cells in the shape of a crescent

Question 55

complications of sickle cell disease

Answer 55

the cells can not pass smoothly through the blood vessels, resulting in clogging and brain damage

Question 56

possible treatments of sickle cell disease

Answer 56

blood transfusions, supplemental oxygen, bone marrow transplant

Question 57

cardiac arrest

Answer 57

a sudden loss of blood flow resulting from the failure of the heart to effectively pump

Question 58

atrial fibrilation

Answer 58

(aka AFib) a quivering or irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia)