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Health Science Anatomy & Physiology (Inlet Grove Community High School) > Digestive System Deck > Flashcards

Digestive System Deck Flashcards

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1
Q

functions of the digestive system

A
  1. to physically break down food into smaller pieces
  2. to chemically break down food into fat, carbohydrates, and protein
  3. to absorb nutrients into the blood for use in the body
  4. to help maintain the proper amount of water, electrolytes, and other nutrients in the body
  5. to eliminate waste products
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2
Q

alternative names for the digestive system

A
  1. the alimentary canal
  2. the digestive tract
  3. the gastrointestinal tract
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3
Q

deglutition

A

swallowing

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4
Q

uvula

A

small piece of tissue hanging from the soft palate

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5
Q

mastication

A

the chewing process

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6
Q

enzymes

A

increase the rate of chemical reactions

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7
Q

bolus

A

chewed food mixed with saliva

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8
Q

purpose of the epiglottis

A

to close the opening to the air passage to prevent food and liquid from entering it during swallowing

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9
Q

esophagus

A

muscular tube that carries the bolus to the stomach in a slow, wave-like motion

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10
Q

peristalsis

A

the wave of contraction by which food is moved through the rest of the digestive system

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11
Q

sphincters

A

valves

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12
Q

two sphincters in the stomach

A

cardiac sphincter and the pyloric sphincter

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13
Q

cardiac sphincter

A

located at the entrance of the stomach

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14
Q

pyloric sphincter

A

located at the entrance of the small intestine

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15
Q

chyme

A

the mixture of bolus and gastric juices

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16
Q

duodenum

A

the first 10-12 inches of the small intestine

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17
Q

jejunum

A

middle section of the small intestine, about 8 feet in length

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18
Q

ileum

A

last 12 feet of the small intestine and connects to the large intestine

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19
Q

villi

A

tiny thread-like projections that increase the area for nutrients to be absorbed

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20
Q

ileocecal valve

A

the sphincter that connects the small and large intestines

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21
Q

cecum

A

a pouch at the beginning of the large intestine

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22
Q

colon

A

middle section of the large intestine

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23
Q

rectum

A

the last 6-8 inches of the large intestine

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24
Q

Escherichia coli (E-coli)

A

bacteria that live up in the large intestine and help to form feces out of waste material; produce vitamin K for the body

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25
Q

location of the most absorbed nutrients

A

small intestine

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26
Q

location of the most absorbed water (from indigested food that is indigestible)

A

absorbed back into the bloodstream in the large intestine

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27
Q

three accessory organs to the digestive system

A
  1. the liver
  2. the gallbladder
  3. the pancreas
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28
Q

pancreas

A
  1. secretes pancreatic juices to the small intestine, which include the enzymes protease
  2. to break down proteins, amylase
  3. to break down starches
  4. to break down fats, lipase
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29
Q

liver

A
  1. secretes bile to help digest fat
  2. stores sugar in the form of glycogen and the fat-soluble vitamins
  3. breaks down many of the toxins taken into the body, including alcohol
  4. removes old red blood cells, recycles the iron content, and makes blood proteins
30
Q

gallbladder

A

next to the liver and receives bile from it; stores the bile until it is needed in the small intestine

31
Q

ulcer

A

open sore on the lining of the digestive tract

32
Q

main causes of an ulcer

A

stress and bacteria called helicobacter pylori

33
Q

helicobacter pylori

A

increase the amount of stomach acid being produced, which results in damage to the lining of the digestive tract

34
Q

symptoms of an ulcer

A

include burning pain and indigestion

35
Q

treatment for an ulcer

A

involves antacids, reducing stress, and avoiding caffeine, alcohol, and tobacco

36
Q

the cause of the ulcer or ulcers was bacteria

A

antibiotics may also be used as a treatment

37
Q

constipation

A

when defecation is delayed because the colon absorbs too much water from the feces, which can become dry and hard to eliminate

38
Q

causes of constipation

A
  1. low fluid intake
  2. lack of fiber in the diet
  3. lack of exercise
  4. stress
39
Q

symptoms of constipation

A

include pain and pressure in the abdomen

40
Q

treatment for constipation

A
  1. drinking plenty of fluids
  2. eating fiber-rich foods
  3. increasing exercise
  4. reducing stress
41
Q

optional treatment for constipation

A

laxatives, but overuse may be habit-forming and lead to chronic constipation

42
Q

inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

A

inflammatory bowel syndrome

43
Q

cause of inflammatory bowel disease

A

unknown, but emotions and stress can trigger symptoms

44
Q

symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease

A
  1. chronic diarrhea
  2. abdominal cramping
  3. blood found in the stool
  4. weight loss
  5. fatigue
45
Q

treatment for inflammatory bowel disease

A
  1. anti-inflammatory medication
  2. antibiotics
  3. diet changes
  4. reducing stress
46
Q

severe cases of inflammatory bowel disease

A

surgery may be performed to remove sections of diseased bowel

47
Q

two kinds of IBD

A

Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis

48
Q

Crohn’s disease

A

can occur anywhere in the digestive tract and affects every layer of tissue

49
Q

ulcerative colitis

A

typically occurs in the colon and rectum and affects only the innermost layer of tissue

50
Q

eating disorder

A

involves a distortion in the relationship between food and body weight

51
Q

underlying psychological problems

A

often contribute to eating disorders

52
Q

the three examples of eating disorders

A
  1. anorexia nervosa
  2. bulimia nervosa
  3. obesity
53
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

when a person refuses to eat because of an unrealistic fear of weight gain

54
Q

the fear with anorexia nervosa

A

does not lessen when weight loss occurs

55
Q

the starvation linked with anorexia nervosa

A

can result in permanent tissue damage and even death

56
Q

bulimia nervosa

A

when a person fears weight gain but they binge on large amounts of food followed by purging via vomiting or the use of laxatives

57
Q

anorexia and bulimia nervosa

A

occur most often in female adolescents and young adults

58
Q

results of bulimia nervosa

A

can result in imbalances that lead to heart, liver, and kidney damage and even death

59
Q

causes of obesity

A

often caused by overeating, although heredity can be a factor

60
Q

the health implications of obesity

A

several problems, including heart disease and diabetes

61
Q

Body Mass Index (BMI)

A

can help health care professionals and patients determine their level of obesity

62
Q

the three levels of obesity

A
  1. overweight
  2. obese
  3. morbidly obese
63
Q

overweight

A

over the ideal body weight by less than 20%

64
Q

obese

A

over the ideal body weight by more than 20%

65
Q

morbidly obese

A

over the ideal body weight by 100 pounds or more, which is a severe threat to health and life

66
Q

diarrhea

A

loose, watery stools that are possibly more frequent than normal

67
Q

frequency of diarrhea

A

common but usually not serious

68
Q

treatment of diarrhea

A

over-the-counter medication

69
Q

patients suffering from diarrhea

A

must ensure that they are drinking enough fluids

70
Q

possible side effect of diarrhea

A

dehydration, which can lead to serious complications if not treated

Health Science Anatomy & Physiology (Inlet Grove Community High School) (9 decks)

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