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Health Science Anatomy & Physiology (Inlet Grove Community High School) > Reproductive System Deck > Flashcards

Reproductive System Deck Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

organs of the male reproductive system

A

the testes, seminal vesicles, seminal ducts, prostate gland, Cowper’s glands, the penis

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2
Q

male gonads

A

the testes

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3
Q

testes

A

produce sperm

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4
Q

sperm

A

the male sex cells

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5
Q

function of testosterone

A

to help the sperm to mature

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6
Q

testosterone

A

causes secondary male sex characteristics to appear (ex.: the growth of facial hair, an increase in the size of muscles, the deepening of the voice)

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7
Q

the testes are suspended outside of the body

A

low temperature is needed for the sperm to develop safely

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8
Q

location of the epididymis

A

at the top part of the testis

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9
Q

epididymis

A

stores sperm until they become mature or motile

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10
Q

vas deferens

A

(ductus deferens) connects with the epididymis; act as a passageway and temporary storage area for sperm

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11
Q

seminal vesicles

A

each seminal vesicle adds fluid rich in sugar that nourishes the sperm

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12
Q

semen

A

the term for the fluid rich in sugar that nourishes the sperm that is thick, yellow fluid and the sperm together

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13
Q

ejaculatory ducts

A

two short tubes formed when the vas deferens and the seminal vesicles join

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14
Q

location of the prostate gland

A

below the urinary bladder

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15
Q

function of the prostate gland

A

to secrete a fluid that neutralizes acidity in the surroundings

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16
Q

fluid secreted by the prostate gland

A

serves to both protect the sperm and help them to move

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17
Q

location of the Cowper’s glands

A

two small glands located below the prostate

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18
Q

function of the Cowper’s (bulbourethral) glands

A

to secrete a fluid that neutralizes acidity in the surroundings to help sperm survive and to secrete fluid that lubricates the inside of the urethra to help the semen move more easily

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19
Q

function of the penis

A

to, as the male organ for intercourse, deposit semen into the female vagina

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20
Q

organs associated with the female reproductive system

A

the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, vulva, breasts

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21
Q

female gonads

A

ovaries

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22
Q

production of the ovaries

A

ova

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23
Q

ova

A

the female sex cells

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24
Q

ovulation

A

the process by which about every 28 days, a single ovum matures and the follicle it is in breaks open to release it

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25
Q

each ovary

A

contains thousands of small sacs called follicles where immature ova are stored

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26
Q

function of estrogen and progesterone

A

to help with the development of the female reproductive organs and to cause secondary female sex characteristics to appear (ex.: the enlargement of the breasts, the broadening of the hips, the growth of pubic hair)

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27
Q

location of the fallopian tubes

A

above the ovaries but are not directly connected to them

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28
Q

function of the fallopian tubes

A

to be the usual location of fertilization

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29
Q

fertilization

A

when an ovum and a sperm join to create new life

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30
Q

after ovulation

A

the ovum is swept into one of the two fallopian tubes by fingerlike projections called fimbriae

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31
Q

peristalsis

A

muscle contractions that move the ovum to the uterus

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32
Q

cilia

A

tiny hairs that line the tubes and also help guide the ovum to the uterus

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33
Q

uterus

A

a hollow, pear-shaped, and highly muscular organ that lies behind the urinary bladder and in front of the rectum

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34
Q

function of the uterus

A

to provide for the development and growth of the fetus if pregnancy occurs

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35
Q

three layers of the uterine wall

A

the endometrium, the myometrium, the perimetrium

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36
Q

endometrium

A

the innermost layer of the uterine wall

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37
Q

myometrium

A

the middle layer of the uterine wall

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38
Q

perimetrium

A

the outermost layer of the uterine wall

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39
Q

endometrium

A

contains a thick lining of blood tissues

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40
Q

if a fertilized ovum implants on its surface (endometrium)

A

will nourish the developing fetus

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41
Q

if fertilization does not occur (endometrium)

A

the surface breaks down and is shed from the female body along with the unfertilized ovum

42
Q

menstruation

A

the process of the endometrium’s surface being broken down and shed from the female body along with the unfertilized ovum if pregnancy does not occur

43
Q

anatomical makeup of the myometrium

A

three layers of smooth muscle, which stretch and expand as a fetus grows

44
Q

the three layers of smooth muscle of the myometrium

A

during childbirth, the muscles contract to help push the fetus out of the uterus when giving birth

45
Q

function of the perimetrium

A

to act as a protective membrane

46
Q

functions of the vagina

A

to serve as a passageway for menstrual flow, to be the female organ for intercourse, to expand its muscle tissue to accommodate the penis during intercourse as well as the passage of a baby during childbirth

47
Q

vulva

A

the external structures of the female reproductive system grouped together

48
Q

different parts of the vulva

A

the mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora

49
Q

location of the clitoris

A

the junction of the labia minora

50
Q

functions of the clitoris

A

to provide sexual arousal when stimulated and to help the vagina to become lubricated

51
Q

location of the Bartholin’s glands (vestibular glands)

A

in the space between the labia minora

52
Q

function of the Bartholin’s glands (vestibular glands)

A

to secrete fluid into the vagina for lubrication during intercourse

53
Q

the menstrual cycle

A

the process in which a woman’s body goes through a series of hormone-driven events to get ready for possible pregnancy

54
Q

menstrual phase

A

where the period occurs (since there is no pregnancy, estrogen and progesterone hormone levels drop)

55
Q

period

A

(occurs in women) a combination of blood, mucus, and tissue is released from the uterus

56
Q

follicular phase

A

starts on the first day of a woman’s period and ends when ovulation begins

57
Q

hypothalamus during the follicular phase

A

sends a signal to the pituitary gland to release follicle stimulating hormone or FSH

58
Q

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

A

stimulates the ovaries to produce around 5 to 20 follicles

59
Q

each follicle during the follicular phase

A

contains an immature egg (only the healthiest egg will mature, the rest are reabsorbed by the body)

60
Q

the maturation of only the healthiest egg

A

triggers a surge of estrogen to thicken the uterine lining

61
Q

ovulation phase

A

starts when rising estrogen levels in the follicular phase trigger the pituitary gland to release luteinizing hormone (LH)

62
Q

luteinizing hormone (LH)

A

starts ovulation

63
Q

ovulation

A

occurs when the woman’s body releases the mature egg

64
Q

the only time pregnancy can occur

A

when the egg travels down the fallopian tube toward the uterus to be fertilized by sperm

65
Q

luteal phase

A

after the follicle releases its egg, it changes into the corpus luteum

66
Q

corpus luteum

A

releases hormones, mainly progesterone and some estrogen

67
Q

breasts (mammary glands)

A

contain fatty tissue and a system of ducts that produce milk and transport it to the nipples

68
Q

the milk produced by the mammary glands

A

is secreted after childbirth to nurse the infant

69
Q

infertility

A

the inability to conceive or produce a child

70
Q

some causes of infertility

A

may be damage to the fallopian tubes, low sperm count, an imbalance of hormones

71
Q

possible factor of infertility

A

delaying childbearing until later years

72
Q

artificial insemination

A

sperm is placed directly in a woman’s uterus or fallopian tube

73
Q

in vitro fertilization (IVF)

A

ova are removed and combined with sperm outside the body

74
Q

in vitro fertilization (IVF) (fertilization)

A

when the egg is fertilized, it is transferred to the uterus in the female

75
Q

the spreads of STDs

A

passed from person to person primarily through sexual contact and the exchange of body fluids

76
Q

people at-risk of contracting STDs

A

people who are sexually active with multiple partners

77
Q

prevention of STDs

A

the use of condoms, which provides some protection against these diseases

78
Q

in most cases of STDs

A

all sexual partners should be treated

79
Q

examples of STDs

A

acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), chlamydia, gonorrhea, herpes 2

80
Q

acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)

A

a virus that attacks the body’s immune system and greatly weakens its ability to fight off infections and disease (eventually leads to death)

81
Q

cause of AIDS

A

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

82
Q

people infected with HIV

A

can remain asymptomatic for many years

83
Q

symptoms of AIDS/HIV

A

include lack of resistance to infections, weight loss, fatigue, skin rashes

84
Q

cure for AIDS

A

none

85
Q

treatment for AIDS

A

involves a combination of drugs to slow the disease

86
Q

Chlamydia

A

one of the most common STDs

87
Q

cause of Chlamydia

A

bacteria

88
Q

symptoms of Chlamydia

A

include a burning sensation while urinating and a discharge for both males and females

89
Q

treatment of Chlamydia

A

involves antibiotics

90
Q

cause of gonorrhea

A

bacteria

91
Q

symptoms of gonorrhea in males

A

include a burning sensation while urinating, green-yellow discharge, sore throat, swollen glands

92
Q

symptoms of gonorrhea in females

A

include painful urination, pain in the abdomen, vaginal discharge

93
Q

treatment of gonorrhea

A

involves large doses of penicillin or other antibiotics

94
Q

Herpes 2

A

genital herpes

95
Q

cause of Herpes 2

A

a virus

96
Q

symptoms of Herpes 2

A

include a burning sensation, sores that form painful ulcers, painful urination

97
Q

cure for Herpes 2

A

none

98
Q

treatment of Herpes 2

A

involves promoting the healing of the sores and easing discomfort

99
Q

consistency of Herpes 2

A

many people have repeated, but milder attacks

100
Q

HPV

A

human papillomavirus

101
Q

the most common sexually transmitted infection

A

HPV

102
Q

symptoms of HPV

A

usually harmless and goes away by itself, but some types can lead to cancer or cause genital warts

Health Science Anatomy & Physiology (Inlet Grove Community High School) (9 decks)

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