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Health Science Anatomy & Physiology (Inlet Grove Community High School) > Respiratory System Deck > Flashcards

Respiratory System Deck Flashcards

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1
Q

functions of the respiratory system

A
  1. to sustain life
  2. to help regulate body temperature by cooling and warming the blood
  3. to produce audio sounds
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2
Q

ventilation

A

the physical act of breathing

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3
Q

inhalation

A

occurs when the intercostal muscles contract, leading to the lifting and separation of the ribs

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4
Q

the process of breathing

A

involuntary

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5
Q

external respiration

A

the transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the environment and the bloodstream in the lungs

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6
Q

internal respiration

A

the transfer of gases between the bloodstream and the cells of the body

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7
Q

the products of cellular respiration

A

energy, water, and carbon dioxide

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8
Q

oxygenation

A

the process by which the oxygen molecules are loaded onto the hemoglobin molecules in the bloodstream

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9
Q

percentage of air we breathe that is oxygen

A

21%

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10
Q

percentage of breathed air that the body uses

A

5%

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11
Q

divisions of the respiratory system

A

the upper and lower airways

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12
Q

the moisteners and filters of air

A

the nasal cavity’s mucous membranes and tiny hairs called cilia

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13
Q

sinuses

A

hollow spaces in the skull that connect to the nasal cavity

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14
Q

purposes of the sinuses

A

to moisten and filter the air, to help regulate the temperature of the air before it reaches the lungs, to give the air a place to vibrate as it exits to augment the sound of the voice

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15
Q

resonance

A

to give the air a place to vibrate as it exits to augment the sound of the voice

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16
Q

laryngopharynx

A

where the esophagus and the trachea branch off

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17
Q

nasopharynx

A

contains the hard palate and the soft palate

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18
Q

epiglottis

A

the small, leaf-like flap of tissue at the bottom of the laryngopharynx

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19
Q

oropharynx

A

contains the base of the tongue, tonsils, and vallecula

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20
Q

vocal cords

A

produce audio sounds as air passes over them

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21
Q

thyroid cartilage

A

the scientific term for the Adam’s apple

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22
Q

cricoid cartilage

A

the only completely circular ring of cartilage in the upper airway

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23
Q

trachea

A

the passageway for air into the lungs that marks the beginning of the lower airway

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24
Q

carina

A

where the trachea splits into two passages after it extends from the cricoid cartilage

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25
Q

alveoli

A

the site of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange in the lungs

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26
Q

mediastinum

A

separates the two lungs

27
Q

lobes of the right lung

A

the superior, middle, and inferior lobes

28
Q

lobes of the left lung

A

`superior and inferior lobes

29
Q

the distortion between the lungs

A

the right lung is bigger because the left lung has only two lobes to allow space for the heart

30
Q

pleura

A

a thin, slippery membrane that surrounds each lung

31
Q

function of the pleura

A

to protect against friction during breathing

32
Q

primary muscles involved in breathing

A

the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles

33
Q

diaphragm

A

a flat, dome-shaped muscle below the lungs

34
Q

intercostal muscles

A

located between the ribs

35
Q

PFTs

A

lung function tests that are used to diagnose various diseases and disorders of the respiratory system

36
Q

peak expiratory flow (PEF)

A

a person’s maximum speed of expiration

37
Q

peak flow meter

A

a small, hand-held device used to monitor a person’s ability to breathe out air

38
Q

high PEF readings

A

indicate that patients are well

39
Q

low PEF readings

A

indicate constricted airways

40
Q

changes in recorded PEF values

A

patients and doctors may determine lung functionality, the severity of asthma symptoms, treatment

41
Q

atelectasis

A

the collapse of all or part of the lung

42
Q

causes of atelectasis

A

blockage of the air passages or injury

43
Q

symptoms of atelectasis

A

include severe pain and shortness of breath

44
Q

treatment of atelectasis

A

involves correcting the cause of the collapse and the use of pulmonary suction to reinflate the lung

45
Q

lung cancer

A

the leading cause of cancer death in both genders

46
Q

main cause of lung cancer

A

exposure to cancer-causing substances (ex.: asbestos and cigarette smoke)

47
Q

treatment of lung cancer

A

may include surgical removal of the lung or sections of it as well as chemotherapy and radiation

48
Q

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A

a term for any disease that causes recurring blocking of the air passages that refers to a group of chronic conditions

49
Q

examples of COPD

A

include chronic bronchitis and emphysema

50
Q

main cause of COPD

A

smoking and possible causes include allergies and persistent infections

51
Q

asthma

A

a condition where the bronchial tubes are inflamed, which leads to obstruction

52
Q

possible causes of asthma

A

include anxiety, an allergy, or an infection

53
Q

treatment for asthma

A

involves anti-inflammatory drugs and oxygen therapy

54
Q

inhaled bronchodilator

A

may be used to reduce inflammation in the bronchial tubes so that air can pass through

55
Q

pneumonia

A

an inflammation and infection of the lungs

56
Q

consistency of pneumonia

A

infectious and often affects people who are bedridden, elderly, or frail

57
Q

cause of pneumonia

A

when either a bacteria, virus, or chemical builds up too much moisture in the lungs which impairs breathing

58
Q

symptoms of pneumonia

A

include chest pain, fever, chills, difficulty breathing

59
Q

treatment of pneumonia

A

may include bed rest, antibiotics, oxygen therapy

60
Q

tuberculosis

A

a potentially serious infectious disease that mainly affects the lungs

61
Q

the bacteria that cause tuberculosis

A

spread from one person to another through tiny droplets released into the air via coughs and sneezes

62
Q

emphysema

A

a lung condition that causes shortness of breath

63
Q

suffering emphysema patient

A

the air sacs in the lungs are damaged, which eventually causes a reduction in the oxygen that reaches the bloodstream

Health Science Anatomy & Physiology (Inlet Grove Community High School) (9 decks)

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