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Anatomy Exam 3 > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the urinary system?

A

Elimination, Conservation, Regulation, and Endocrine

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2
Q

The kidneys and most of the ureters are ______ (with regard to mesentery or retroperitoneum) .

A

primarily retroperitoneal

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3
Q

The lower parts of the ureters and urinary bladder are _______ (with regard to mesentery or retroperitoneum)

A

subperitoneal

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4
Q

Not part of gut tube and have never had a mesentery

A

primarily retroperitoneum

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5
Q

Function of urinary system: ______ -urine & toxic metabolites from the blood

A

Elimination

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6
Q

Function of urinary system: _______ -salts, glucose, proteins & H20

A

Conservation

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7
Q

Function of urinary system: _______ -blood pressure,hemodynamics & acid-basebalance

A

Regulation

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8
Q

Function of urinary system: ________ -produces Vitamin D, renin, erythropoietin and prostaglandins (hormonal control of other tissues/organs)

A

Endocrine

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9
Q

The _______ is formed from the major calyces

A

renal pelvis

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10
Q

Structures that serve the kidneys (vessels, nerves, and structures that drain urine from the kidney) enter and exit the renal sinus through the ________

A

renal hilum

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11
Q

T/F: The kidney has collateral alarterial circulation.

A

False; has no

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12
Q

In regard to to the vein, artery, and ureter, what is the spatial orientation from anterior to posterior?

A

Vein, artery, and ureter

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13
Q

____ arteries supply the kidneys

A

renal arteries

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14
Q

The renal arteries branch off the aorta at what level of spinal cord

A

L2

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15
Q

Each renal artery divides into ________ arteries that enter the hilum of the kidney

A

5 segmental arteries

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16
Q

How many of the segmental arteries go the anterior portion of kidney and how many go to the posterior portion?

A

4 anterior and 1 posterior

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17
Q

How many segments of the kidney are there?

A

5

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18
Q

Each segmental artery gives rise to a number of ______ arteries, each supplies a renal pyramid

A

lobar arteries

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19
Q

Kidney starts ___ and ____ during development

A

low and ascends

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20
Q

How many major calyces does a kidney typically have?

A

2

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21
Q

____ are muscular tubes (25–30 cm long) with narrow lumina that carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

A

Ureters

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22
Q

The abdominal parts of the ureters adhere closely to the _______ and are ________ (mesenteric or retroperitoneal) throughout their course.

A

parietal peritoneum; retroperitoneal

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23
Q

They run inferiorly from the apices of the renal pelves at the hila of the kidneys, passing over the pelvic brim at the bifurcation of the common iliac arteries; Theyt hen run along the lateral wall of the pelvis and enter the urinary bladder

A

ureters

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24
Q

The ureters pass _____ the pelvic brim at the bifurcation of the common iliac arteires

A

over

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25
Q

The ureters pass ______ through the muscular wall of the urinary bladder in an _____ direction

A

obliquely; inferomedial

26
Q

This oblique passage through the bladder wall forms a one-way ______, the internal pressure of the filling bladder causing the intramural passage to collapse

A

flap valve

27
Q

In addition, contractions of the ______ acts as a sphincter preventing the reflux of urine into the ureters when the bladder contracts

A

detrusor muscle of the bladder

28
Q

Urine passes down the ureters by means of ________, a few drops being transported at intervals of 12–20 seconds

A

peristaltic contractions

29
Q

The ureters pass _____ the gonadal vessels

A

behind

30
Q

T/F: Ureters get their blood supply from the vessels they contact

A

True

31
Q

From what spinal cord segments do the ureters get nerve supply?

A

T12- L2

32
Q

Where are the 3 normal relative constrictions of the ureters located?

A

at the junction of the ureters and renal pelves, where the ureters cross the brim of the pelvic inlet, and during their passage through the wall of the urinary bladder

33
Q

The constricted areas are potential sites of obstruction of the ureters by ______

A

ureteric stones (calculi)

34
Q

Pain of the ureters that is sometimes severe and can cause complete/intermittent obstruction of urine flow is due to ______

A

hyperperistalsis

35
Q

The ureters pass across the anterior surfaces of the _____ muscles and the _____ vessels

A

psoas muscles; common iliac vessels

36
Q

The _______ is potentially at risk of injury during an appendectomy.

A

right ureter

37
Q

The ______ is crossed by the sigmoid colon and may be at risk of injury during surgery of the sigmoid colon and rectum

A

left ureter

38
Q

Innervation of the kidneys arise from the ________ plexus and consist of sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers

A

renal nerve plexus

39
Q

nerves of the abdominal part of the _____ derive from the renal, abdominal aortic, and superior hypogastric plexuses

A

ureters

40
Q

Visceral afferent fibers conveying pain sensation (obstruction and consequent distension) follow the ______ fibers (1o above pelvic pain line) retrograde to spinal ganglia and cord segments _____

A

sympathetic; T11-T12

41
Q

Ureteric pain is usually referred to the ________ quadrant of the anterior abdominal wall and especially to the _____

A

ipsilateral lower quadrant; groin

42
Q

a hollow organ with strong muscular walls, is characterized by its distensibility

A

urinary bladder

43
Q

is a temporary reservoir for urine and varies in size, shape, position, and relationships according to its content and the state of neighboring viscera

A

urinary bladder

44
Q

When empty, the adult urinary bladder is located in the _______, lying partially superior to and partially posterior to the pubic bones

A

lesser pelvis

45
Q

Urinary bladder is separated from these bones by the potential retropubic space and lies mostly _____ to the peritoneum, resting on the pubic bones and pubic symphysis anteriorly and the prostate (males) or anterior wall of the vagina (females)posteriorly.

A

inferior

46
Q

The _____ space is the potential space between the bladder and the pubic bones and symphysis

A

retropubic space

47
Q

The walls of the bladder are composed chiefly of the _____ muscle

A

detrusor muscle

48
Q

Toward the neck of the male bladder, the muscle fibers form the involuntary _________

A

internal urethral sphincter

49
Q

In males, this sphincter contracts during ejaculation to prevent retrograde ejaculation) of semen into the bladder

A

internal urethral sphincter

50
Q

The main arteries supplying the bladder are branches of the ______ artery

A

internal iliac

51
Q

Venous drainage corresponds to arteries & are tributaries of _____ vein

A

internal iliac vein

52
Q

The _______ are encircled by loops of detrusor musculature that tighten when the bladder contracts to assist in preventing reflux of urine into the ureter

A

ureteric orifices

53
Q

The ureteric orifices and the internal urethral orifice are at the _________ of the bladder

A

angles of the trigone

54
Q

_______ (innervation) have the role of producing and releasing waste (urine and feces) from the body.

A

Parasympathetics

55
Q

________ (innervation) have the role of slowing production of waste, while retaining it inside the body until the proper time to releaseit.

A

Sympathetics

56
Q

______ innervation has a role in assisting the sympathetics in retaining waste.

A

Somatic motor

57
Q

Parasympathetics for ureters are mostly from ______ nerves and are most important _______

A

pelvic splanchnic nn; distally

58
Q

Sympathetics are primarily from the ______ nerve

A

lesser splanchnic n.

59
Q

The _______ (approximately 4 cm long and 6 mm in diameter) passes antero-inferiorly from the internal urethral orifice to the external urethral orifice.

A

female urethra

60
Q

The ______ is a muscular tube (18–22 cm long) that conveys urine from the internal urethral orifice of the urinary bladder to the external urethral orifice, located at the tip of the glans penis. The urethra also provides an exit for semen (sperm and glandular secretions).

A

male urethra

61
Q

In the case of a horseshoe kidney, what does the kidney get stopped by to prevent ascension to its normal location?

A

Inferior mesenteric artery

62
Q

Most horseshoe kidneys are fused at _____ of kidney

A

lower pole

Anatomy Exam 3 (11 decks)

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